Understanding the global pattern of glaciation can aid interpretation of what caused late-Pleistocene glacial cycles. Here I investigate the glacial history of the Khumbu Glacier of the Mount Everest region of Nepal. Prominent hypotheses for Himalayan glaciation suggest importan…
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Solutions of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations are very important for modelling laboratory, space and astrophysical plasmas, for example the solar and stellar coronae, as well as for modelling many of the dynamic processes that occur in these different plasma environments …
The million-degree temperature of the solar corona might be due to the combined effect of barely distinguishable energy releases, called nanoflares, that occur throughout the solar atmosphere. Unfortunately, the high density of nanoflares, implied by this hypothesis, means that …
In magnetised plasmas, magnetic reconnection is the process of magnetic field merging and recombination through which considerable amounts of magnetic energy may be converted into other forms of energy. Reconnection is a key mechanism for solar flares and coronal mass ejections …
In this thesis I study the magnetic activity of young stars via observations of stellar prominences on single stars and by applying the Zeeman Doppler imaging (ZDI) technique to map the magnetic fields and measure differential rotation of a young binary system. Stellar prominenc…
This dissertation provides a detailed determination of the visible emission spectra and plasma parameters of an exploding single aluminum (Al) wire while addressing the applicability of a new spectroscopic measurement technique to measure magnetic fields (B) in dense plasmas, wh…
The age of Earth's inner core is one of the fundamental unanswered questions in deep Earth science. The timing of inner core nucleation is a hugely significant event in Earth’s evolution and has been the subject of intense debate. Some of the most recent theoretical estimates fo…
There is evidence that a stably stratified layer of fluid, which is not penetrated by the convective flow of fluid in the bulk of the outer core, is located below the Core-Mantle Boundary (CMB). The question considered in this thesis is whether such a layer also affects the core…
Magnetic fields may have played an important role in shaping the planetary evolution of Mars. Through their ability to guide the flow of charged particles, magnetic fields facilitate both the input of energy and the escape of planetary ions, which at Mars has contributed to the …
The Earth is rotating around its rotation axis in an irregular manner. The Earth rotation axis and its orientation in space vary with respect to the reference system (both the terrestrial and the celestial) due to the wide range of processes that contribute to the rotation excit…
The ability to recognize molecular processes using novel imaging techniques is crucial for medicine, biology and biochemistry. A widely used technique is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The signal to noise ratio of the measured data is proportional to the polarization of a giv…
Investigating the Earth’s magnetic field provides a unique window into the history of Earth’s outer core, where the field is generated. Rocks gain a magnetization that is in the direction of and proportional to the Earth’s magnetic field at the time of their formation, such as w…
Spin-based electronics seek to utilize the properties of electron spin in order to develop next-generation devices with novel functionalities and applications. As with conventional electronics, semiconductors play a critical role in spintronics by allowing for the active manipul…
I present the results from the first geological map of the Derain (H-10) quadrangle of Mercury and in-depth studies of features identified in the map.