Synthetic aperture interferometry (SAI) is a novel way of measuring aspherical optics (aspherics) where a scanning probe measures the optical path difference (OPD) between light reflected from the front (test) and rear (reference) surfaces of the aspheric optic. The surface form…
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The International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) defines the present S.I.(“System International”) means of measuring temperature. The ITS-90 uses the freezing points of metals to define temperature fixed points. It also uses long-stemplatinum resistance thermometers to inter…
Ancient commercial transactions were often based on the payment of a quantity of silver. This silver was measured out in a two-pan balance to an agreed upon mass. The balance compared the mass of the silver with the mass of known weights in the other pan. Many such balance weigh…
The assemblages of pan-balance weights recovered from the excavations of Cape Gelidonya and Uluburun shipwrecks, in southern Turkey, comprise the largest and most complete collection of Late Bronze Age pan-balance weights recovered from single archaeological sites. These assembl…