The inspiration for this dissertation comes from the variability in a sample of Late Pleistocene fossil human crania found in the Southern Levant, in present day Israel. This sample (n=13) is comprised of both Neandertals from Tabun and Amud, and the remains from Skhul and Qafze…
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The origins of agriculture was one of the most significant turning points in human history, yet, no consensus has been reached on its causes. The most commonly cited precursors to agriculture include population pressure, intensive foraging, and sedentism. These critical factors …
This Dissertation focuses on the topic of the emergence of social complexity during the Chalcolithic by investigating archaeological evidence related to the earliest production and use of copper in the southern Levant. One key question concerns the particular economic, social an…
Astronomical images are found on monumental structures and decorative art, and metaphorically in seasonal myths, and are documented by calendars. In Israel and the southern Levant, images of the sun, the moon, and the stars were common decorating motifs. They were found on walls…
The goal of this dissertation is to identify and reconstruct activity areas in Middle and Late Bronze Age (ca. 2000–1200 BCE) temples and sanctuaries in the southern Levant by analyzing the ground stone artifacts found in them. Chapter 1 reviews the history of research of Middle…
The investigation of social collapse, an integral component of social evolutionary trajectories, has been hampered by difficulties in setting appropriate spatial and temporal scales for the resolution of demographic and socioeconomic change. This dissertation takes a diachronic …
In 1683, in Algiers, soldiers of the Dey loaded the French consul into a large cannon and shot him at the French fleet in retaliation for the French bombardment of the city. Many French consuls in the échelles of the Levant and North Africa suffered harassment, imprisonment, or …
For all archaeological research, chronological frameworks are the foundation on which any reconstruction or interpretation of historical process must rest. Both the resolution of a chronology and the research objectives of the archaeologist determine what questions can be asked …
This study examines the Egyptian “colonial” presence in Early Bronze I Palestine. The emerging role of the Egyptian state in the enforcement of social and cultural boundaries is an important focus of this research. The pottery analysis in this study and review of publications ha…
Much has been written about various aspects of the long presence of the Knights of the Order St John on the island of Malta. Nonetheless, throughout this literature there is one noticeable omission - a study of the commercial development of the harbour area during the first deca…
Human stature is simply defined as the height of a human body in an upright position. The ultimate stature can be obtained from the total addition of vertical length of several bones from the skeleton. Some of these bones are long bones, like femur and tibia; most of the bones t…
Few attempts have been made to synthesise Late Bronze Age (LBA) and Iron Age trade patterns in the northern Levant on a regional scale, despite the availability of fine grained excavation data for individual sites. Even less attention has been given to the degree of continuity o…
The study of foodstuff and pottery exchanges in the Iron Age II has been neglected thus far. This research provides new information on the market exchanges and centric transfers of those goods between the Israelites, Phoenicians, and Philistines during the Iron Age II, the time …
Researchers believe that Arab immigrants are at risk for heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Little is known about health behavior and lifestyle practices of this population after their migration to the United States. A thorough search of the literature revealed a significant s…
The Levant (Israel and Jordan) has a long history of human occupation. Archaeological sites in the region demonstrate this history as one of continuous change. The focus on understanding this history of change is most pronounced in the overriding interest in the transition from …
This dissertation aims to place the Ottoman Empire within its proper context in the Napoleonic Age and calls for a recognition of the crucial role of the Sublime Porte in the War of Second Coalition (1798-1802). The Ottoman-Russian joint naval expedition (1798-1800) to the Ionia…
This dissertation examines excavated jewelry from the Iron Age II Southern Levant, especially the kingdoms of Israel and Judah between 850-580 BCE. This assemblage allows for the identification of social functions of the jewelry in order to give scholars greater insight into an …
Ancient commercial transactions were often based on the payment of a quantity of silver. This silver was measured out in a two-pan balance to an agreed upon mass. The balance compared the mass of the silver with the mass of known weights in the other pan. Many such balance weigh…
In the biblical narrative of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah found in the Deuteronomistic History, the end of a king's rule is summed up in a series of stock statements that begins with the poetic idiom for death: "and [the king] lay with his fathers." The summary statements al…