Much has been written about various aspects of the long presence of the Knights of the Order St John on the island of Malta. Nonetheless, throughout this literature there is one noticeable omission - a study of the commercial development of the harbour area during the first deca…
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This dissertation traces the meaning of the idea that usurers sell time through 12th- and 13th-century Christian debates about the ethics of usury in the intellectual milieu of the University of Paris. According to a frequently recurring argument, the problem with usury is that …
The notion of usury/interest, subsumed under the Arabic term riba and Hebraic neshekh/marbit, has been the center of human attention throughout recorded history, but only as an exclusive economic paradigm subject to toleration, limitation or prohibition. Yet, in a clearly dispro…
It is well known that the economic and institutional development of the Middle East and Western Europe has diverged greatly over the last millennium. Until recently, most scholars attributed this divergence to the "conservative nature" of Islam. This dissertation departs from th…