The hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), is an invasive insect that is causing mortality of eastern hemlock trees, Tsuga canadensis , and Carolina hemlock trees, Tsuga caroliniana, across the eastern United States. To protect these ecologic…
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Today the argument that environmental degradation will reduce future benefits from economic activities is well accepted. Many countries currently consider improvement in environmental quality an integral part of their overall national objectives. For developing countries, howeve…
The work presented in the thesis describes the bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the food chain in West African region. The first part of the work consists in a general introduction (chapters I and II), while the second part deals with the development and va…
Toxic compounds, such as pesticides, are routinely tested against a range of aquatic, avian and mammalian species as part of the registration process. The need for reducing dependence on animal testing has led to an increasing interest in alternative methods such as in silico mo…
This dissertation examines the history of the controversial pesticide DDT and the U.S. environmental movement from an international perspective. It explores the domestic and international use of DDT from 1943 to 1982, a period that defined the beginning and end of U.S. DDT produ…
The investigation of the atmospheric fate and transport of semi-volatile organic compounds (SOCs) often requires the sampling of large volumes of air (>100 m3) in a relatively short period of time. Conventionally high-volume pumps are not suitable for remote areas without access…
Sparganium americanum Nutt, or American bur-reed, is an aquatic plant commonly found in water-retaining drainages. American bur-reed is capable of mitigating nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural fields. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of the leaf,…
Silybum marianum L. Gaertn. (commonly referred to as milk thistle) is a weed that has been used medicinally for over 2000 years. The therapeutic qualities of milk thistle are due to the presence of the flavonolignan silymarin. Herbal medicine is becoming increasingly popular in …
Pest management is essential to prevent crop losses. Chemical pesticides are standard practice in conventional farming systems because they are simple to use, cheap, and usually highly effective in providing short-term reduction in pest densities. Yet, their use can also lead to…
This thesis explores a socially, environmentally, and economically sustainable alternative to the current food production and consumption systems, a framework which currently leaves neighborhoods without food, farmers without incomes, and communities without a sense of the ecolo…
This collection of essays examines two important episodes in the U.S. economic history. First two chapters explore health and economic legacy of pesticide revolution in the United States. Chapter 1 aims to understand how environmental legacy of modern farming will affect health …
North Carolina is the second largest producer of organic sweetpotatoes (Ipomoea batatus L.) behind California. In 2016, there were 3,200 acres of organic sweetpotatoes produced in the state, a 42% increase from 2014. Despite an increase in acreage, organic sweetpotato yields con…