A cell-in-cell (CIC) structure is formed when one viable cell becomes internalised within a neighbouring cell. CIC structures have been observed in many human tumours, in which their occurrence has been associated with high-grade disease or metastasis. On the contrary, CIC struc…
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Pterosaurs are an extinct group of Mesozoic flying reptiles that lived between 210 and 66 million years ago and whose diets are poorly constrained. A range of diets have been proposed, including piscivory, insectivory and carnivory, but it is unclear if these hypotheses hold up …
Blocking Angiopoietin-2 pathogenic effects mediated through Tie2 and other receptor is the main goal of this study. Angiopoietin-2 is a vascular growth factor that binds to the Tie2 receptor and is expressed mainly in endothelial cells. Several studies demonstrate the destabiliz…
Background: Tumour-cell induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA) increases the metastatic potential of cancer. Mechanisms include protection of tumour cells from immune destruction, interaction of platelet receptors with tumour ligands to facilitate adhesion, and enrichment of the t…
Tropomyosin and troponin are key regulatory proteins associated with muscle thin filaments. Regulation of muscle contraction by these complexes involves precise cooperative-allosteric transitions. Several diseases are associated with changes in these transitions. Understanding t…
Oxygen and nitrogen heterocycles are well-known classes of compounds due to their excellent biological activity. Halogenated compounds are very useful synthetic intermediates and can function as suitable building blocks for pharmaceutical products. Thus, halocyclisation reaction…
In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), complement-activating immune complexes (ICs) are central to the immunopathogenesis of disease. Their deposition in kidney initiates an inflammatory response resulting in glomerulonephritis. Properdin is the only known positive regulator of …
The use of electronic health records (EHRs) is increasingly common in applied research, providing the opportunity to answer more relevant and detailed clinical questions. Among others, assessing the quality of routine care, enabling pragmatic clinical trials, investigating tempo…
Drawing on biographical data collected on over 2,500 individuals appointed to Dorset's 289 rectories, vicarages and curacies over the course of the seventeenth century, this study examines a range of economic, geographical, social and political factors that affected clerical pro…
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant disease with a very poor prognosis. The tumour environment has been demonstrated to consist of an abundance of stroma containing many cells but predominantly pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). Recent resear…
This thesis aims to study the politics surrounding the management of public health in inter-war Bombay. Most health histories on colonial Bombay stop at the end of the First World War. The inter-war period is crucial for the city, as the city recorded a steep decline in the deat…
The twelfth century saw a large number of Arabic texts on natural philosophy translated into Latin for the first time. Many of these texts were astrological, and had originally been translated into Arabic in the eighth and ninth centuries, shortly after the rise of Islam, from o…
Since ultimate military failure in the Vietnam War (1964-75), the United States has changed its management of wars, making full use of advanced military technology to carry out small-scale wars and continue imposing its global dominance without risking involvement in military an…
Since Saudi Arabia began enthusiastically developing its position in the world, excellence in education has come to the fore asa key driver to the country's growth. However, school improvement has received insufficient attention from educators, policy makers, and scholars. This …
Neuromedin U receptor 2 (NMU2) is a Family A, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) for both neuromedin U (NmU) and neuromedin S (NmS), particularly within the CNS where effects include the suppression of feeding behaviour and increased energy expenditure suggesting an anti-obesity …
Personality traits and vocational interests are important constructs of the individual differences that exist in the many sub-fields of psychology. Many studies have examined one or both, and indeed the associations between these constructs. Most researchers have investigated th…
This study investigates the translation of the children's fantasy series Harry Potter, by the English writer J.K. Rowling, into Arabic. It focuses on three books from the series: the second, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, the fifth, Harry Potter and the Order of the Ph…
This thesis investigates role of Higher Education in the National Innovation System in Pakistan. Through the triangulation of data obtained from primary and secondary sources, it both examines and extends some of the theoretical assertions made by the Western theorists (Nelson &…
Late Roman and late antique North Africa (c. AD 200-500) possessed a vibrant clothing culture which frequently discussed and debated sartorial practice. Echoes of dressing behaviours survive in a variety of forms – literary, visual and archaeological. While much of this material…