The advent of Ahmad Kasravī (1890–1946) and his Pākdīnī movement represents one of the most important developments in the history of socio-religious thought in Iran in the Pahlavī era (1925–1979). It was one of the greatest home-grown ideological challenges to Shi'ism and Shi'i …
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I Studies in Islamic intellectual history have mostly neglected to systematically investigate the religious beliefs of the practitioners of exact science and the relationship of these beliefs to the broader landscape of theology and philosophy in classical Islam. How do the reli…