Surface Flow Types (SFTs), distinctive patterns of disturbance on the surface of flowing water resulting from the interaction between flow and channel shape, were used to delimit meso-scale in-channel habitats in eight British lowland rivers to determine whether SFT mesohabitats…
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An understanding of the longstream distribution of hydraulic processes is important for evaluating the mechanisms which control the catchment-scale variation of channel stability, sediment transport and siltation, flood generation and aquatic habitats. However, little attention …
Studies of landscape development via primary successional processes are an important area of research for understanding how landscapes evolve into stable, diverse ecosystems. This research sought to assess how geomorphic and hydraulic complexity alter as streams develop followin…
The recent spate of floods in many parts of Britain has stimulated substantial interest among scientists, policy makers and the public concerning contemporary trends in flood frequency and magnitude, in particular questioning whether these events exceed historical extremes. Howe…
The full extent of a landscape’s resilience to the environmental impact of siting wind-based renewables on peats is currently unknown. This research explores if windfarm construction activities have caused disturbance by investigating; time series of fluvial carbon (C) and nutri…
Soft clay soils in railway track can be problematic as, unless they are treated, they can result in increased deformation of track. This will inheritably mean lower track speed. A number of techniques including stone columns are available for improving strength of weak soils. Th…
In this thesis, we link the impacts of manufacturing activities to geographical location and examine the endogenous and exogenous factors that have a significant impact on economic performance of the manufacturing in mainland China. We demonstrate the geographic distribution thr…
River ecosystems can be strongly in uenced by contaminants in the water column, in the pore water and attached to sediment particles. Current models [TGD, 2003] predict exposure to sediments based on equilibrium partitioning between dissolved and suspended-particle-sorbed phase …
Subsidence in river deltas is a complex process that has both natural and human causes (Boesch et al., 1994). The Yellow River delta is used for farming, contains an important nature reserve for wild animals especially for waterfowl, has a population of 1.64 million, and is the …
Postglacial bedrock river erosion is likely to be a major control on the evolution of deglaciated landscapes. This study provides a quantitative assessment of bedrock channel change in a postglacial, post-orogenic terrain, encompassing the long-term evolution of bedrock channel …
In recent years, a range of detailed palaeoclimatic reconstructions have shown indications of a connection between changes in solar activity and Earth's climate. However, a process that may explain such a relationship has yet to be reliably demonstrated. One proposed mechanism c…
This thesis examines the relationship between Amazonian Dark Earths (ADE) and Caboclo subsistence on the Middle Madeira River, Brazil. ADE are fertile anthropogenic (man-made) soils formed through practices of burning and waste disposal by pre-Columbian Amerindian populations. “…
The thesis investigates the inorganic aerosol concentrations and wood smoke tracer potassium and levoglucosan concentrations in Birmingham, UK. Also a multi-wavelength aethalometer was utilized as a carbonaceous aerosol detector to directly measure the local wood smoke PM mass a…
The relationships between the land management system and the town planning system play a crucial role in the process of land development, especially as Henan province is experiencing accelerated industrialization. In recent years, China has adjusted its land management system. T…
Surface albedo is one of the critical parameters required by studies of surface energy balance and climate models. Albedo is defined as the ratio of outgoing radiances to incoming irradiances over hemispherical view-illumination geometry. Remotely sensed albedo is usually based …
Published, well-described examples of multiple mixed bedrock-alluvial character systems largely pertain to small to medium systems. No descriptions exist for large river systems such as the Mekong River in Cambodia (South East Asia). The published literature concerning the 120km…
With growing concerns over future climate change, the need to understand past climate variability has become an important topic of research. In this thesis, a gap in knowledge of the transition to modern climatic conditions during the mid-Holocene is identified and addressed. Mi…
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are currently widely used and of special interest due to their anti-microbial properties. They have been used extensively in commercial applications and might be the most worrying of the manufactured nanoparticles because of their inherent toxicity. …
The transfer of low-carbon technology to developing countries is one of the key means to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in developing countries and therefore a key aspect of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This thesis aims to contribute to th…