The aim of this research was to provide a basis for quantifying the ability of red sandstone to oxidise dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and determine if results of experiments on synthetic minerals can be applied to geological materials. Ascorbic acid (H\(_2\)A) was used as a pr…
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Water is a politically sensitive resource in the Near East and water stress is increasing. It is therefore vital that there is a strong understanding of past hydrological variability, so that the drivers of change can be better understood, and so that the links between the palae…
With growing concerns over future climate change, the need to understand past climate variability has become an important topic of research. In this thesis, a gap in knowledge of the transition to modern climatic conditions during the mid-Holocene is identified and addressed. Mi…
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are currently widely used and of special interest due to their anti-microbial properties. They have been used extensively in commercial applications and might be the most worrying of the manufactured nanoparticles because of their inherent toxicity. …
The relationships between the land management system and the town planning system play a crucial role in the process of land development, especially as Henan province is experiencing accelerated industrialization. In recent years, China has adjusted its land management system. T…
Surface albedo is one of the critical parameters required by studies of surface energy balance and climate models. Albedo is defined as the ratio of outgoing radiances to incoming irradiances over hemispherical view-illumination geometry. Remotely sensed albedo is usually based …
Published, well-described examples of multiple mixed bedrock-alluvial character systems largely pertain to small to medium systems. No descriptions exist for large river systems such as the Mekong River in Cambodia (South East Asia). The published literature concerning the 120km…
River ecosystems can be strongly in uenced by contaminants in the water column, in the pore water and attached to sediment particles. Current models [TGD, 2003] predict exposure to sediments based on equilibrium partitioning between dissolved and suspended-particle-sorbed phase …
Subsidence in river deltas is a complex process that has both natural and human causes (Boesch et al., 1994). The Yellow River delta is used for farming, contains an important nature reserve for wild animals especially for waterfowl, has a population of 1.64 million, and is the …
Postglacial bedrock river erosion is likely to be a major control on the evolution of deglaciated landscapes. This study provides a quantitative assessment of bedrock channel change in a postglacial, post-orogenic terrain, encompassing the long-term evolution of bedrock channel …
Engineered nanoparticles are defined as having a dimension that is between one and one hundred nanometres. With toxicology studies reporting various degrees of toxicity the need to investigate nanoparticle fate and behaviour is vital. Monodispersed engineered nanoparticles were …
The gas-phase reactions of ozone with alkenes can be significant sources of free radicals (OH, HO2 and RO2) in the Earth’s atmosphere. While there are a number of quantitative indirect OH and HO2 yield measurements from ozonolysis in the literature, obtained, for example, throug…
Establishing relationships between morphology and behaviour in response to environmental selection pressures are crucial to understand the evolution of diversity within groups such as the hominoids. Muscle architecture (fascicle length and physiological cross-sectional area) fro…
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are recognised globally as effective tools for protecting valuable and vulnerable marine ecosystems (habitats, species and communities), maintaining the biological diversity, and safeguarding the associated historical and cultural resources. MPAs ac…
This thesis assesses seasonal hydrological prediction in Great Britain. Firstly, the study evaluates river flow prediction using climate model output to drive a rainfall-runoff model in the Dyfi basin, Wales. Results show that climate model precipitation can not skilfully simula…
This thesis aims to develop the foundations for a new validation strategy for route-based road weather forecasts that will enable validation of route-based models at a vastly improved spatial and temporal resolution, and in doing so provide a tool for rapid appraisal of new mode…
The impact of a 1 in 40 year flood on the morphology and sedimentology of the sandy braided South Saskatchewan River, Canada was assessed. Comparison of 2004 - 2007 repeat GPR surveys and the production of DEMs of difference allowed quantification of the initial and long-term 20…
Groundwater flow typically provides stable stream habitat within glacierised floodplains. However, spatio-temporal differences within and between groundwater flow pathways can create marked variability in the physicochemical characteristics of groundwater-fed streams. Research c…
Recent research on sediment transport in gravel bed rivers shows evidence of the influence of sub-threshold flow history on values of entrainment thresholds (Paphitis and Collins, 2005; Monteith and Pender, 2005; Haynes and Pender, 2007; Haynes and Ockelford, 2008). The research…