Interactions at the nanoscale are governed almost exclusively by electromagnetic forces, but the interplay between different scaling laws produces a vast array of behaviours. We investigate radically different systems spanning almost three orders of magnitude of length scales, a…
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The design and physical verification of contemporary integrated circuits is a challenging task due to their complexity. System-in-Package is an example of generally congested electronic components and interconnects which in the initial design process rely on computationally inte…
General relativity describes gravity as the curvature of space-time. The theory predicts the existence of gravitational waves (GWs), which can be described as ripples in space-time propagating at the speed of light. So far no direct detection of GWs has been achieved. The sensit…
The discovery of otoacoustic emissions (OAE) has advanced our understanding of cochlear mechanics and the efferent auditory system. OAE are sounds generated within normal cochlea either spontaneously or in response to stimulation. The ability to measure OAE non-invasively, objec…
Bubbles, formed by breaking waves, play an important role in the transfer of gases between the Earth’s oceans and atmosphere and have been shown to increase the flux of gases during periods of heightened sea state. Having been formed, these bubble clouds evolve through the effec…
We investigate equilibrium configurations and oscillation spectra of neutron stars, modelled as rotating magnetised fluid bodies in Newtonian gravity. We also explore the idea that these model neutron stars could have dynamics analogous to rigid-body free precession. In axisymme…
In this thesis, the transformation of optical telecommunication signal waveforms between the temporal and spectral domains is investigated. Temporal optical Fourier transformations (TOFTs) are presented with the primary aim of mitigating distortions in high repetition rate telec…
A new approach to room temperature mid-infrared applications in the 3 -5 µm spectral range has been proposed through the development of novel dilute nitride materials. InAsN shows a large bandgap reduction with a small lattice mismatch when a small amount of nitrogen is introduc…
Non-invasively characterizing the polarization properties of tissues has potential for in vivo clinical applications such as monitoring the healing state of wounds and burns. Conventional methods, which measure the polarization difference of a tissue and usually involve a co-pol…
Tho characteristic energy loss spectra of five metals have been measured under clean, ultra-high vacuum conditions. Primary electron beams with energies of several hundred oV wore used and the 'reflected' secondary electrons were analysed by 127° electro-static analysers. The fi…
Light travel time considerations are applied to the development of the infra-red flux from a cloud of dust grains surrounding a variable cosmic source of heating radiation. The properties of individual grains are explored, and the equation of radiative transfer is solved for the…
In surface mount technology (SMT) electronics assembly, the solder paste is printed onto the PCB's surface through a stencil and the components are later placed over the solder paste deposits. Since 2007, the use of extremely small SMT components for assembly of SMT devices has …
Hyperfine structure spectra and isotope shifts of the neutron-rich nuclei \(^{99}\)Nb, \(^{101}\)Nb, \(^{102}\)Nb and \(^{103}\)Nb were obtained at the IGISOL (Ion Guide Isotope Separator On-Line) facility at the accelerator laboratory of the University of Jyväskylä. The data we…
Hafnium is a ductile metallic element with a large neutron absorption cross section. It can be used in reactor control rods to regulate the fission process. The NEA High Priority Request List for nuclear data presents a need for improved characterisation of the hafnium cross sec…
The relationship between the X-ray and optical variability in Seyfert galaxies by Elm´e Breedt Lategan Seyfert galaxies have been known to vary since shortly after their discovery, but the origin of the optical variability and its relationship to the X-rays, have not been well e…
A custom made five panel filter mosaic window was designed, installed and operated with the HiTIES (High Throughput Imaging Echelle Spectrograph) at the Nordlysstasjonen in Svalbard, Norway (78.2025N and 15.829E). The filter provides images of the resonant scattered spectra of N…
Magnetic exchange spring systems have potential applications in (i) the next generation of permanent magnets and (ii) storage elements in information systems. However any practical realization of this potential will involve a study of non-ideal exchange spring behaviour. Within …
Radio galaxies with extended lobes are believed to interact strongly with their environment. In this thesis, I investigate the evolution of radio galaxies with different properties and track them through the cosmological ages. In Chapters 2 and 3, I perform a ”Monte-Carlo-based”…
The following work explores different aspects of the disc:jet connection in X-ray binaries. There is a detailed description of a new jet model (iShocks) that is used, firstly, to address the re-energization problem in the conical jet geometries. The adiabatic energy losses suffe…