Ceria nanoparticles (NPs), due to their widespread applications, have attracted a lot of concern about their toxic effects on both human health and environment. Cerium occurs in two oxidation states, Ce (III) and Ce (IV), and has the unique ability to readily switch between thes…
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Postglacial bedrock river erosion is likely to be a major control on the evolution of deglaciated landscapes. This study provides a quantitative assessment of bedrock channel change in a postglacial, post-orogenic terrain, encompassing the long-term evolution of bedrock channel …
A methodology of assessment is presented of the groundwater resources available in fracture zones, within the weathered mantle of gneiss, migmatite and granite. A model of weathering is developed, and values of porosity, hydraulic conductivity and electrical resistivity assigned…
The ‘Silicic Acid Leakage Hypothesis’ (SALH) is a mechanism by which the increased supply of silicic acid to the low latitude ocean allows diatoms (silica producers) to outcompete coccolithophorids (carbonate producers). This would result in a decrease in the export of carbonate…
Mantle circulation models are a modified class of mantle convection simulations assimilating recent plate motions as the surface velocity boundary condition. In this thesis, I present a suite of mantle circulation models assimilating the past 300 million years of tectonic histor…
Salt diapirs are some of the most dynamic geological structures in sedimentary basins and vertical rise through their overburdens leads to the development of complex fault systems. Polygonal fault systems constitute a major structural element of fine-grained sediments in sedimen…
Marine sedimentation from the Adélie Land continental margin of East Antarctica provides unique high resolution records of Holocene environmental change. The subannually resolved sediment cores MD03-2601 (66°03.07’S, 138°33.43’E) and IODP-318-U1357B (66°24.7990′S, 140°25.5705′E)…
In today's North Atlantic, warm and salty surface waters are transported northwards from the subtropics, releasing their heat and eventually sinking to form a deep southward-flowing water mass. This process in the meridional-vertical plane is termed the Atlantic Meridional Overt…
The Voskhod podiform chromitite is one of more than 30 chromitite deposits that collectively form the Main Ore Field (MOF) within the Kempirsai Massif, in Kazakhstan. The MOF is the largest podiform chromitite ore-field in the world. The Voskhod deposit, encased in a serpentinis…
Integrated geophysical, geochemical and hydrogeological modelling techniques have been used in this PhD research study to characterise the ground contamination at four study sites. The primary aim of the research is to study the efficiency of using an integrated approach to stud…
Few culture-based surveys have been undertaken on methanogens in contrasting marine sediments. This project conducted a comprehensive study of methanogens in a range of marine sediments including tidal-flats, a shallow bay, deep-water mud volcanoes and Guaymas Basin hydrothermal…
The ratios of trace metals to calcium in the calcium carbonate tests of benthic foraminifera have been used as palaeoceanographic proxies for several decades and are now routinely used to reconstruct past climate change on a variety of Cenozoic timescales. Recent research, howev…
Deepwater continental margins constitute one of the ultimate exploration frontiers where giant oilfields have been discovered. These comprise reservoirs units affected by multi‐scale compartmentalisation resultant from stratigraphic, structural and/or diagenetic processes that c…
Abstract A comprehensive phylogeny of macroperforate planktonic foraminifer species of the Cenozoic Era (~65 million years ago to present) is presented. The phylogeny is developed from a large body of palaeontological work that details the evolutionary relationships and stratigr…
Subduction margins, as in the case of south-central Chile, are active seismotectonic environments and locus of the world largest earthquakes. In this thesis, two segments of the south-central Chilean subduction margin are studied: (A) the southernmost portion, at the termination…
The present-day seabed in the eastern English Channel is an erosional landscape dissected by a complicated network of palaeovalleys. The largest of these palaeovalleys has been interpreted as the product of catastrophic flooding though the Straits of Dover during the Mid Quatern…
The evolution of extensional processes at continental rift zones provides important constraints on the underlying lithospheric deformation mechanisms, level of seismic hazard and location of likely hydrocarbon traps. The Corinth rift in central Greece is one of the few examples …
In the first part of this study are presented the synthesis and results of structural investigations of mixed metal sulfosalts. Included are the structures of five new lead, bismuth and antimony sulfosalts; phase GZ1 (Bi4.39 Pb1.4 Sb3.21 S13), phase GZ2 (Bi1.74 Pb2.62 Sb2.15 S8)…