Over the last twenty years, greigite (Fe3S4), an authigenic magnetic iron sulphide mineral, has been increasingly identified in sulphate-reducing marine and lacustrine sedimentary systems. Its presence can significantly affect palaeomagnetic and environmental magnetic records. U…
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Rifting is the process that leads to the formation of oceans. Rifting is the break up of continents, leading to the formation of new oceanic floor between the two continental plates. Although the concept of continental rifting is accepted within the scientific community, it is s…
This thesis presents one of the most comprehensive studies on submarine canyons yet. It integrates data on the geology, geochemistry, sedimentology and oceanography of the Nazaré, Setúbal and Cascais canyons, west Iberian margin, in order to constrain the processes and controls …
This thesis aims to investigate the use of two materials: rockdust and greenwaste compost for use as soil fertility amendments. A field trial was conducted over three years to investigate the impact these materials had on plant yield, plant nutrient content, soil chemistry and s…
The phylogeny of the Family Pliomeridae and the Ordovician representatives of the Encrinuridae was investigated using cladistics. This resulted in the diagnosis of seven subfamilies; five of pliomerids (including one erected herein) and two subfamilies of encrinurid: the Cybelin…
Earthquake ruptures along tectonically active faults nucleate predominantly at depths of 5 to 12km in the crust, so the portions of faults that slip in these events cannot be directly observed. The geometry and composition of seismogenic faults controls the nucleation, propagati…
This thesis has investigated the geological origin of diamonds from the Ural Mountains. A set of inclusion-bearing diamonds from alluvial deposits in the western part of the Urals was characterised on the basis of their morphological features, nitrogen contents and nitrogen aggr…
The Central Indian Ridge (CIR) between 18° and 21°S shows significant morphological variation at a relatively constant spreading rate (between 47 and 51mmyr-1). High resolution TOBI sidescan sonar data (cruise CD127) and multibeam bathymetry data (Magofond 2 cruise), complemente…
The Lumwana Cu±Co deposits Malundwe and Chimiwungo are examples of pre-Katangan mineralized basement that are located in the Domes Region of the Lufilian Arc, an arcuate North neo-Proterozoic fold belt, which hosts the Zambian and Congolese deposits that make up the Central Afri…
The Middle Eocene (37 to 49 million years ago, Ma) was characterised by warmer global temperatures and higher atmospheric carbon dioxide (pCO2) levels than today with only small/non-existant icesheets. Because predicted pCO2 levels for the coming century have not been seen on Ea…
The eastern equatorial and tropical Pacific regions are areas of significant carbon fluxes from the atmosphere to the ocean interior. Changes in the function of marine biogeochemical cycles in this region potentially exert an important control on global climate. Understanding co…
Information on the concentration and distribution of dissolved methane (CH4), together with other geochemical tracers, in real time is of great value in detecting, monitoring, and understanding the functioning of hydrothermal plumes. Water column anomalies of light transmission,…
The Cambrian to Ordovician Durness Group was deposited on the Scottish sector of the passively-subsiding, continental margin of the Laurentian craton, and now forms part of the Hebridean terrane, lying to the west of the Moine Thrust zone. It represents c. 920 m of shallow marin…
This study presents a detailed consideration of the effects of geometry, U- and Th-zonation and diffusion on zircon (U-Th)/He ages. The errors introduced by assuming homogeneity are quantified, and the difficulties associated with the characterisation of U and Th zonation in zir…
The key parameters representing the small strain response of geomaterials are the very small strain shear modulus, Gmax, shear modulus degradation G/Gmax, and damping ratio. These are also important parameters in the design of foundations where only small deformation takes place…
In this work, a new thermo-mechanical model is developed by improving on an existing one, applicable to large deep seated landslides and rockslides consisting of a coherent mass sliding on a thin clayey layer. The considered time window is that of catastrophic acceleration, star…