Global warming arises from an energy imbalance where increased radiative forcing from greenhouse gases traps additional heat in the Earth system. Over recent decades, more than 90% of this heat has gone into the ocean, causing thermal expansion that leads to sea level rise. Addi…
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A Faixa Piritosa Ibérica é uma das províncias metalogenéticas mundiais mais estudadas e a sua prospecção e exploração extensivamente documentadas. Mesmo após mais de 5000 anos de contínua exploração mineira, as reservas demonstradas continuam excepcionalmente altas, embora confi…
The advancement of nuclear technology has resulted in new and unique thermal reactor designs beyond the typical light water reactors which currently dominate the reactor fleet. The verification and validation advanced thermal reactor performance require an accurate understanding…
Global climate change has had a substantial impact on marine biogeography and many species have experienced large spatial redistributions. While many approaches to understanding these changes focus on thermal habitat, theory from physiology and ecology suggest that oxygen and pr…
Climatic trends in spatial and temporal variability of maximum temperature (Tmax ), minimum temperature (Tmin ), mean temperature (Tmean ) and precipitation were evaluated for 249 ground-based stations in North Carolina for 1950-2009. The Mann-Kendall (MK), the Theil-Sen Approac…
Alfalfa cubes are transported over long distances for export. The ambient conditions that the cubes may be exposed to in transit could vary from below freezing to in excess of 40°C and relative humidity up to 100%, especially when cubes are exported to humid regions of the Pacif…
Research is being conducted for a high-performance building block for high frequency and high temperature applications that combine lower costs with improved performance and manufacturability. Researchers have focused their attention on new semiconductor materials for use in dev…
Semiconductor field effect sensors have been shown to enable the possibility of realizing cost effective, highly dense label-free sensors for the detection of chemical and biological species. Such sensors can be readily integrated with existing platforms for micro total analysis…
A wide variety of products are now made of metal alloys. The superior properties of these alloys permit products to be used in very demanding environments where other materials would fail. The major quality issues for these alloys are melt-related defects, such as segregation de…
This thesis focuses on energy considerations in the MOSFET when we supply a bias to it. We also notice that the length of the MOSFET gets smaller and smaller then for a small release or exchange of energy that may take place in a MOS transistor which can cause a change in the te…
Planar transistors have been the important building block of integrated circuits for decades, during which the size of transistors has steadily decreased. We will evaluate energy released due to recombination and also evaluate energy stored in the electric field for the step jun…
Micro heat pipe is a small-scale passive heat transfer device of very high thermal conductance that uses phase change and circulation of its working fluid to transfer thermal energy. Different from conventional heat pipe, a micro heat pipe does not contain any wick structure. In…
Scientists face an unprecedented challenge of increasing food production by 100% within the next fifty years to meet demand while responding to the undetermined effect and impact of climate change. To respond to these challenges, scientists are turning to models to assist them i…
In the recent past, there are indications of changes in the surface air temperature, extreme weather events, snow and Indian summer monsoon. This thesis analyses the above weather phenomena based on observed data and climate model simulations for the present as well as the near …
Decreasing power consumption in small devices such as handhelds, cell phones and high-performance processors is now one of the most critical design concerns. On-chip cache memories dominate the chip area in microprocessors and thus arises the need for power efficient cache memor…
An improved understanding of the thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils under elevated temperatures and high suction magnitudes is needed to interpret the behavior of thermally-active geotechnical systems where very dry conditions may be encountered. Examples of r…
In an effort to find a biological control agent of Bagrada hilaris, an invasive pentatomid pest on brassica crops in western North America, three hymenopteran egg parasitoids were recovered from brassica plant debris in Pakistan and sent to California, USA for evaluation. One of…
Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) present a considerable global health burden. Among VBDs, the mosquito vector transmits important pathogens that are responsible for causing disease in humans including dengue fever, Zika, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile fever, chikungunya fever, and…
Environmental temperatures are among the most significant factors affecting the ecology, behaviour, and evolution of organisms across all levels of biological organization. As such, understanding the impacts that natural thermal regimes have on organisms is central to the study …