Islamic clerics have both supported and undermined regimes in the Middle East. Egyptian clerics, in the 1980s and 1990s, discredited Islamic extremists intent on overthrowing the government. In contrast, Iran's ayatollahs helped depose the Shah in 1979. The disparity in clerical…
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This dissertation explores why some Muslim clerics adopt the ideology of militant Jihad while others do not. I argue that clerics strategically adopt or reject Jihadi ideology because of career incentives generated by the structure of cleric educational networks. Well-connected …