Thesiss

The history of school discipline has varied greatly since educating students in a formal setting became the norm, as there has always been emphasis on controlling students. The violations of school rules that have resulted in consequences have also varied. What has been document…

The purpose of this study was to examine student- and school-level factors associated with risk of suspension. Using a dataset that included a cohort of students (n = 3,167) who were followed from first grade through eighth grade, this study utilized multilevel modeling to exami…

Exclusionary discipline practices including ISS, OSS, DAEP, and JJAEP have disproportionately impacted minority student populations with devastating effects over the last forty years. Suspension practices persist in public schools to this day despite no evidence to support that …

Research has indicated that African American children are placed in special education programs at a significantly higher rate than children from other races (National Center for Education Statistics, 2019b). Limited research has been conducted to address what is causing this ove…