A foraging guild of birds, composed of ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis), herring gulls (L. argentatus), great black-backed gulls(L. marinus), American crows ( Corvus brachyrhynchos), fish crows (C. ossifragus), European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), turkey vultures ( Catha…
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We investigated the relationship between river hydrology and least tern (Sterna antillarum athalassos) reproductive success on the Lower Mississippi River between Cairo, Illinois and Caruthersville, Missouri from 1986 through 1992. We also investigated least tern foraging behavi…
“Airbirds” are defined as those birds that are adapted to almost constant life on the wing and do not perch, except for breeding and roosting. They use the air as the only medium in which to find and gather food. One taxon meets that definition: the swifts (Apodidae). Foraging z…
Social learning plays a valuable role in the lives of many animal taxa, sometimes allowing individuals to bypass the costs of personal exploration. The ubiquity of this behaviour may arise from the fact that learning from others is often underpinned by simple learning processes …
In the analysis of movement patterns of animals, stochastic processes play an important role, providing us with a variety of tools to examine, model and simulate their behaviour. In this thesis we focus on the foraging of specific animals - bumblebees - and analyse experimental …
In order to meet their energy budget animals must often increase their risk of predation, either through their choice of foraging location or by decreasing anti-predation behaviours, which are incompatible with foraging. I investigated the starvation-predation risk trade-off in …
Beavers have been described as a “keystone species” and “ecosystem engineers”, and in this dual role have great potential to physically modify their environment through tree-felling, foraging and construction activities. The resultant change in habitat heterogeneity can affect t…
<I>Rhinolophus hipposideros </I>has declined across its range. This study aimed to investigate aspects of its roosting, reproductive and foraging ecology which may have caused this decline. <I>R. hipposideros </I>is confined to south west Britain. It selects roosts in areas of u…
Animal community structures, life histories and individual foraging behaviour are all an outcome of a trade-off between competition for resources (and thus the risk of starvation) and survival (and thus the risk of predation). The relative importance of these factors however, di…
The Isles Dernieres Barrier Island Refuge (IDBIR) represents an ecologically sensitive area that is historically important habitat for wintering and breeding waterbirds, and is currently threatened by habitat loss, disturbance, and climate change. The northern Gulf of Mexico coa…
Foraging has important fitness consequences and is central to an understanding of animal ecology. In this study, squirrel foraging is examined in the context of caching behavior, urbanization, food preference and predatory risk. The study animals were two species of North Americ…
A current problem in anthropological studies concerns the economies of rain forest peoples and their prehistoric ancestors. Ethnographic studies in various regions of the world suggest that long-term habitation through foraging in tropical rain forest is not sustainable due to a…
Pogonomyrmex badius is understood as an ecosystem engineer due to its alteration of soil chemistry, seed dispersal, and seed predation. Because of its impressive role in the environment, life history traits of P. badius have been well studied. One trait that has yet to be studie…
One of the primary challenges foraging animals face is deciding how to divide their time between exploitation of known resources and exploration for new resources. As foraging is costly, investment in exploration should be mediated by natural selection to balance its costs and b…