Dopamine (DA) acts centrally through the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) system to stimulate turkey prolactin (PRL) secretion. DA also modulates LH/FSH secretion through gonadotropin-releasing hormone I (GnRH-I) neurons. The distribution of DAergic, VIPergic, and GnRHergic-i…
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Prolactin (PRL) is involved in a number of reproductively important functions, but the upstream mechanisms that regulate PRL are not well characterized. The hypotheses of this study were that light, serotonin, and stress increase plasma PRL; PRL receptor mRNA levels are correlat…
The European eel, Anguilla anguilla, has a complex life-cycle involving migrations between the Sargasso Sea and the river systems of Europe and North Africa. The requirement to move across large salinity gradients presents a significant physiological challenge and the developmen…
Changes in the levels of expression of the prolactin receptor (PRLR) mRNA in the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, liver, pancreas, kidney and gonad from embryonic day (ED) 15 and ED21 to 1 day post-hatch, respectively, in chickens and turkeys were measured by real-time PCR. In bot…
The present study was designed to investigate the dynamics for the release of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) from the avian hypothalamus and to further characterize the alterations in VIP/peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) gene expression that occur in several hypothalamic …
It has been established that prolactin (PRL) secretion in birds is under the tonic stimulatory control of hypothalamic vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Dopamine (DA) has been shown to stimulate (at the hypothalamic level) and inhibit (at the pituitary level) VIP-stimulated P…
Changes in the pituitary content of prolactin (PRL) and in the ratio of immunoreactive forms of PRL were measured during a reproductive cycle in turkey hens. Low levels of PRL were observed in pituitary glands from sexually immature, out-of-lay and moulting hens. Higher levels w…