Experiments were conducted to evaluate oligosaccharides (OS) and fish oil on gastrointestinal tract characteristics and metabolic profiles of humans, pigs, and rats. Experiment 1, thirty healthy human adult males were assigned to one of two enteral diets, a control (n = 10) and …
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Many non-equatorial species, including rodents such as hamsters, mice, and voles, are photoperiodic. In these species, changes in day length provide cues for the onset of their reproductive season. Alterations in photoperiod can result in profound morphological, physiological, a…
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is an important hormonal regulator of embryonic development and postnatal growth. The IGF-I gene expression is complex, with heterogeneity of mRNA structure arising during transcription and splicing of primary RNA transcripts. The chicken has…
Postcranial remains of Sivapithecus, a Miocene hominoid from Indo-Pakistan are examined in an effort to reconstruct the locomotor repertoire of this taxon. As recent discussions regarding this material have made clear, Sivapithecus postcranial morphology is not completely analog…
A strong negative association between growth rate (body weight) and female reproductive efficiency (egg production rate) in turkeys and chickens has been clearly illustrated. In commercial practice, body weight of broiler breeder hens is limited during the rearing and reproducti…
Many studies have demonstrated enhancement of endurance exercise with the use of a nutritional sports drink. Several of these studies have inferred benefits on muscle fatigue and recovery without actually isolating a muscle group quantifying these effects. Functional neuromuscul…
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a key role in the physiological and pathological degradation of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM). The tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are specific endogenous inhibitors of the MMPs. 1. Transforming growth factor (TGF-…
Donkeys survive under conditions inhospitable to horses and cattle. Energy intake and expenditure was studied using 12 donkeys at Cornell (4 male, 2 female, body weight (BW) 200 ± 18 kg) and at the Institute for Crops Research in the Semi-Arid Tropics in southern Niger (6 female…
The cardiac effects of positive pressure ventilation (PPV) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) are not fully understood. Increased constraint decreases LV end-diastolic volume (VLVED) and output; the effects on venous return, direct ventricular interaction and LV afterlo…
In the present study young adult male Syrian hamsters were used in experiments which were designed to determine the effects of photoperiods on the weights and the fine structure and DNA and protein content of the major accessory sex glands, and to define the effects of photoperi…
In the male Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), the medial preoptic area (MPOA), medial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTm) and medial nucleus of the amygdala (AMe) play a critical role in the facilitation of copulatory behavior. To date, little is known concerning th…
The first series of experiments examined whether putative satiety hormones reduce feeding in Syrian hamsters. Feeding in fasted hamsters was measured after peripheral injections of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8), bombesin (BBS), thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), and calc…
This dissertation explores the role of the respiratory CO2 feedback system of man in producing breath-to-breath correlated and periodic variations in ventilation. The major hypothesis is that continuous random disturbances to the respiratory CO2 chemical control system can lead …
Studies were made in Syrian hamsters and Holtzman rats to examine roles for circadian rhythms in the control of body fats stores. Baseline and circadian rhythms of plasma insulin varied seasonally in the Syrian hamster. Baseline concentrations of the hormone were almost 4 times …
The development and differentiation of rat inner ear were studied. Various methods of dissection, fixation, processing, sectioning, and staining were tested to develop an acceptable technique for preparing early specimens of otic development for transmission and scanning electro…
Two discrete studies were undertaken, both involving mammalian ovarian tissue. The first, with the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus), was designed to determine the optimum conditions for maximum production of follicles, those structures within the ovary which contain and provide n…
Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic conditioning on the extent of atherosclerotic plaque formation in aortas of miniature swine fed a high fat/high cholesterol diet. Procedure. Twenty male miniature swine, ranging in age from 6 to 10 week…
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of regular exercise on LDL-receptor mediated clearance of plasma LDL. In addition, the study was designed to determine the effect of exercise on thoracic aorta stainable tissue lipids. The correlation between LDL-receptor m…