Changes in the pituitary content of prolactin (PRL) and in the ratio of immunoreactive forms of PRL were measured during a reproductive cycle in turkey hens. Low levels of PRL were observed in pituitary glands from sexually immature, out-of-lay and moulting hens. Higher levels w…
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Small intestinal refluxes (SIRS) were monitored in the gastrointestinal tract of Nicholas turkeys via implanted strain gage transducers and radiographic observations. It was determined that reflux of ingesta from the small intestine into the gizzard was a result of a single anti…
To gain insight into how the age of the hen affects selected reproductive characteristics and subsequent embryonic and posthatching development, experiments were conducted to study: (1) hormonal and initial egg production characteristics as influenced by hen age and age at photo…
It has been established that prolactin (PRL) secretion in birds is under the tonic stimulatory control of hypothalamic vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Dopamine (DA) has been shown to stimulate (at the hypothalamic level) and inhibit (at the pituitary level) VIP-stimulated P…
Nucleocapsid (N) protein was investigated as a candidate viral antigen with which to develop DNA and subunit vaccines against TCoV. Turkeys inoculated twice with the recombinant N protein developed N protein-specific lymphocyte proliferation responses and N protein-specific inte…
The relationship among oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA integrity, and longevity continues to be without a general consensus. Here, we hypothesize that short- and long-lived birds, including the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus), guineafowl (Numida meleagris), quail (Cortu…
The Cenomanian (early Late Cretaceous) Bahariya Formation of Egypt preserves a diverse fauna of marine and freshwater fishes. Fish remains recovered from this formation at Bahariya Oasis include a very large polypterid and a very large mawsoniid coelacanth. Generic identity of t…
The freshwater mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis was utilized in this study to further the understanding of how network properties change as a result of associative learning, and to determine whether or not this plasticity is dependent on previous experience during development. The resp…
Global brain ischemia and reperfusion cause phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α, a reversible event associated with neuronal translation inhibition. However, the selective vulnerability of cornu Ammonis (CA) 1 pyramidal neurons correlates with…
Insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) once bound to the receptor are responsible for enhancing overall tissue growth. The three experiments explored the presence of IGF protein in amniotic and allantoic fluids, mRNA abundance in extra-embryonic membranes and sm…
Skeletal muscle myogenesis is a series of highly organized processes that are precisely regulated by the extrinsic environment of muscle cells. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) involves in the regulation of myogenesis by stimulating cell proliferation but inhibiting differentia…
The DB2 strain of bovine coronavirus (BCV) was used to inoculate 1-day-old specific pathogen free (SPF) turkey poults in three trials. In all trials the birds developed clinical signs of enteritis at 48-72 hours post inoculation (PI). Birds euthanized at 3, 5 and 7 days PI had p…
Prostaglandin involvement in turkey hen reproduction was examined by (1) studying the effects of chronic exogenous administration of PGA(,1) on fertility, and (2) quantification of endogenous prostaglandins A(,1), E(,1) and F(,2(alpha)) by radioimmunoassay. Four different levels…
Turkey seminal plasma contains an active serine protease, which the origin and biological role is unknown. There were two major experimental objectives in this dissertation research. First, the cellular source of the protease would be identified using immunohistochemistry. Secon…
In ovo feeding (IOF), administration of nutrients into the amnion, may enhance growth by improving intestinal development, function and glycogen status. We studied the effects of IOF arginine (ARG) and HMB on jejunal activity and nutrient absorption. Jejunal expression of aminop…
In the first study, storage of eggs for 14 versus 4 days reduced embryo survival and hatchability. Three prestorage, preincubation warming times did advance embryonic development, but did not influence hatchability of fertile eggs. In the second study, examination of the perivit…
Studies were conducted to examine the relationship of hen age, fertility and embryonic mortality (EM) in turkeys. Hatch residue was examined from turkey flocks at two ages. One flock was in its first two weeks of egg production and the second flock had been in production for at …
Scope and Method of Study. The purpose of this study was to develop an equation to predict the percent body fat of 18 - 25 year old Turkish males through skinfold testing. Underwater weighing results were used as the criterion. Abdominal, tricep, bicep, subscapular, iliac, chest…
The overall objectives of this study were to identify and trace the development of primordial germ cells (PGCs) in turkey embryos and to produce interspecific embryonic germline chimeras between turkeys and chickens. SSEA-1 is a carbohydrate epitope associated with the developme…