We consider string vacua formed by compactifying Type II string theories on toroidal orbifolds and generalised Calabi-Yau manifolds and their transformations under a set of non-perturbative dualities. The dualities are the Type IIA-IIB exchanging T duality, the self-symmetry of …
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The aim of my project is to develop pulsed Ytterbium (Yb) doped fibre master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) systems seeded by semiconductor lasers. I was principally focused on two specific projects aligned to sponsored programs of research within the ORC pulsed fibre laser g…
Strong coupling presents problems for traditional quantum field theory as it escapes the purview of perturbation theory. The last decade has seen the emergence of a new tool to tackle such problems, arising from a new string duality that was discovered in the last years of the t…
This thesis investigates all-optical signal processing using cascaded quadratic nonlinearities in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguides for telecommunication applications. PPLN waveguides which possess high second-order nonlinearity are attractive due to their sui…
This thesis is concerned with a methodology for the detection of shallow (of order 1 metre) objects buried in soil using seismic waves. Possible objects of interest include infrastructure, archaeological artefacts and ordinance. A mathematical analysis of an idealised system is …
To date efforts of music transcription indicate the need for modelling the data signal in a more comprehensive manner in order to improve the transcription process of music performances. This research work is concerned with the investigation of two features associated with the r…
Generalisations of the AdS/CFT Correspondence are used to study chiral symmetry breaking in dual gauge theories. We use the D3/D7 and D3/D5 systems to model both 3+1 and 2+1 dimensional, strongly coupled, gauge theories with quark fields. We show that chiral symmetry breaking is…
The work in this thesis explores various phenomenological aspects of the E6SSM with a particular focus on the inert neutralino sector of the model and on the dark matter implications. The E6SSM is a string theory inspired supersymmetric extension to the Standard Model with an E6…
This thesis presents novel Markov chain Monte Carlo methodology that exploits the natural representation of a statistical model as a Riemannian manifold. The methods developed provide generalisations of the Metropolis-adjusted Langevin algorithm and the Hybrid Monte Carlo algori…
We study certain non-symmetric wavefunctions associated to the quantum nonlinear Schrödinger (QNLS) model, introduced by Komori and Hikami using representations of the degenerate affine Hecke algebra. In particular, they can be generated using a vertex operator formalism analogo…
In order to further study and expand the kinematic coverage of polarisation observables in pseudoscalar meson photoproduction, a measurement of polarisation observables has been performed at the MAMI facility in Mainz, Germany. The measurement used a beam of linearly polarised p…
The software package Brainvisa (www.brainvisa.tnfo) offers a wide range of possibilities for cortical analysis using its automatic sulci recognition feature. Automated sulci identification is an attractive feature as the manual labelling of the cortical sulci is often challengin…
This work presents a fluid dynamics model of a continuous caster mould region, including the transient behaviour of the steel/slag interface. The research was carried out in collaboration with ArcelorMittal Research (AMR), based in Maizieres-les-Metz in France. The industrial ob…
Measurements of inclusive two-particle angular correlations in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 900 GeV and 7 TeV are presented. The events were collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, using a single-arm minimum-bias trigger, during 2009 and 2010. Cor…
Current techniques for manual and automated determination of decametre-range are reviewed from information gained by extensive literature search and from visits made to a wide cross section of European establishments concerned with large-scale dimensional measurements. The revie…
The structures of several glass systems containing the lone-pair cation Sb3+ have been studied using a range of techniques, including neutron diraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, X-ray diraction and density measurements. …
This thesis presents the first, preliminary, measurements of the Σ and G polarisation observables from strangeness photoproduction on a frozen spin polarised target, for the reactions γp→K⁺Λ and γp→K⁺Σ⁰. The data were collected at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facili…
In this thesis, we employ two numerical tools - semi- analytical models and N-body plus hydrodynamical simulations of large scale structure and individual galaxies - to explore the underlying physics governing the formation and evolution of groups of galaxies, and the role of en…