Central massive objects like supermassive black holes and stellar nuclear clusters are common in all type of galaxies. I use N-body simulations to study the formation and evolution of nuclear clusters and to investigate the influence of the dynamical evolution of disc galaxies o…
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The main focus of this research was to examine the molecular complexes formed by the proton sponge material DMAN [1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene]. It is well known that DMAN will readily protonate – forming the DMANH+ – leaving the second molecule in a DMAN complex negatively…
Constructivism and considers that learning is greatly influenced by collaboration between active learners. Although learning has this social dimension, the individual learner builds a personalised version of relevant concepts. Ideas in science are not communicated solely through…
In this thesis we will discuss the effects of Weak Localisation, Aharonov-Bohm oscillations and sample-to-sample fluctuations in the context of Mesoscopic systems and also introduce an interesting concept indicating the possibility of local regions of negative superfluid densiti…
The measurement of radiation dose in radiotherapy is vital in ensuring the accuracy of treatments. As more advanced techniques using protons and ions emerge, they pose challenges to ensure the same level of accuracy of dosimetry is achieved as for conventional X-ray radiotherapy…
The overall aim of this thesis is to examine the electrical and electrochemical properties of single crystal intrinsic and boron doped diamond grown by chemical vapour deposition. Techniques such as AFM, C-AFM, FE-SEM, PL imaging, in air and in solution Hall and resistivity meas…
This thesis presents the lattice calculation and the required renormalisation for the determination of two hadronic structure quantities. These are the parton distribution amplitudes (PDAs) which enter in the form-factor for exclusive scattering processes and the parton distribu…
A search was conducted for the 2+2 excitation of the 7.65 MeV, 0+2, Hoyle state in 12C using the 12C(12C, 12C[3α]) 12C reaction. The analysis focussed primarily on the 9.7 MeV region in the 12C excitation energy spectrum and no evidence of a resonance was found. Monte Carlo simu…
The Standard Model of particle physics predicts the existence of a new massive state: the Higgs Boson. The discovery or exclusion of this particle is one of the main goals of the ATLAS experiment. One of the greatest experimental challenges at the LHC is to achieve efficient tri…
This thesis is a dissemination of the experimental work I have carried out in the last three and a half years, under supervision of Prof. Miles Padgett and Dr. Sonja Franke-Arnold. Presented within are seven unique experiments investigating the orbital angular momentum (OAM) sta…
The work presented in this PhD thesis concerns the characterisation of the physical structure, composition and domain structure of advanced magnetic materials by electron microscopy within the FP6 European Research Training Network "Spinswitch". In particular the investigations …
ALICE is built to measure the properties of strongly interacting matter created in heavy-ion collisions. In addition, taking advantage of the low pT acceptance in the central barrel, ALICE is playing an important role in understanding pp collisions with minimum bias triggers at …
A Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE) studies the strong interaction part (Quantum Chromo Dynamics) of the Standard Model at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. ALICE has been designed as a general-purpose heavy-ion detector in order to explore phenomena of strong interacting matt…
In this thesis I describe a statistically robust multi-wavelength study on 21 X-ray luminous cluster cores at 0.15<z<0.3, spanning X-ray to near Infra-Red (NIR) wavelengths, and using weak lens analysis of SNAPSHOT data from the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys…
Optical motion capture is a powerful tool for human motion analysis. However, an intrinsic limitation of this method is its dependence upon line of sight, which when occluded, prevents measurement of position, resulting in data loss and failure of trajectory tracking. The thesis…
In recent years various authors have developed a new numerical approach to cosmological simulations that formulates the equations describing large scale structure (LSS) formation within a quantum mechanical framework. This method couples the Schrodinger and Poisson equations. Pr…
Current observational evidence does not yet exclude the possibility that dark energy could be in the form of phantom energy. A universe consisting of a phantom constituent will be driven toward a drastic end known as the `Big Rip' singularity where all the matter in the universe…
The development of retinal implants has become an important field of study in recent years, with increasing numbers of people falling victim to legal or physical blindness as a result of retinal damage. Important weaknesses in current retinal implants include a lack of the resol…
This PhD research project encompasses an investigation into the controlled behaviour of magnetic domain walls in patterned ferromagnetic nanostructures using advanced nanofabrication techniques and characterised by the techniques of transmission electron microscopy. By fabricati…