Reacting flows interacting with liquid droplets are of practical and scientific importance due to their appearance in a multiplicity of industrial and domestic applications such as fire suppression systems and humidified gas turbines. Experimental measurements are usually limite…
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Quantum electrodynamic theory (QED) in the vicinity of macroscopic structures has achieved new importance due to its applicability, particularly in nanotechnology. There are many powerful methods for studying QED near media with diverse properties and geometries. However, applyi…
The aim of this thesis is to investigate the structural-acoustic coupling effects on the dynamic behaviour of a vibro-acoustic system under passive/active control. The simplest model of a vibro-acoustic system one can consider is a one-dimensional acoustic cavity driven by a sin…
An adaptive tuned vibration absorber (ATVA) can be used to suppress unwanted vibrations. If the excitation frequency is time harmonic but the frequency changes with time, it is desirable to retune the ATVA so that the natural frequency of the ATVA always coincides with the excit…
Scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) has been applied to investigate the dispersion and nonlinear phenomena in a multimode Ta2O5 rectangular waveguide. Unlike the conventional approach of observing only the output spectra, the SNOM technique can collect the localised sp…
The portability of modern voice processing devices allows them to be used in environments where background noise conditions can be adverse. Background noise can deteriorate the quality of speech transmitted through such devices, but speech enhancement algorithms can ameliorate t…
Bowed instruments are among the most exciting sound sources in the musical world, mostly because of the expressivity they allow to a musician or the variety of sounds they can generate. From the physical point of view, the complex nature of the nonlinear sound generating mechani…
High harmonic generation (HHG) is now an accepted method for laboratory based generation of XUV and soft x-ray light. HHG produces pulses that are highly coherent, with a pulse length in the femtosecond or attosecond timescales. To predict the XUV output from an HHG experiment, …
Conventional optical fibres can only guide light in a high refractive index core by total internal reflection. By using total internal reflections it is not possible to guide light in an air core. Light guidance in air is of great interest for various technological and scientifi…
Microsphere resonators with sizes in the micrometer range are reported to support very high Q’s of more than 109 for a fused silica microsphere. This high Q value represents many promising characteristics such as low cavity loss, long cavity life time, and narrow band width. Wit…
An adaptive mid-infrared (MIR) ultrashort pulse source is investigated for application to the coherent control of molecules. The MIR regime will allow access to vibrational modes of common organic bonds, and ultrashort pulse durations should enable the required interaction to oc…
The subject of this thesis is the study of the Laser Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT) technique with femtosecond duration pulses. In principle, femtosecond-LIFT should offer a number of advantages over traditional nanosecond-LIFT in terms of achievable resolution and transferring…
This thesis investigates two variations of the conventional pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The first technique is femtosecond PLD, whereby the laser used to ablate the target has a significantly higher peak intensity and shorter pulse duration as compared to convention…
The need for a solid state broadband modulator that is efficient and compact, to replace the functionality of mechanical choppers used to modulate pyroelectric detector signals, has existed for some time. Systems where mechanical solutions are undesirable, especially when there …
We introduce a hybrid model for the evaluation of jet noise. The model uses the information from a solution of the Reynolds-averaged Navier{Stokes equations (RANS). It evaluates the jet-noise power spectral density (PSD) in the quiescent region outside the turbulent jet. It incl…
This thesis focuses on the potential of compound-glass, highly nonlinear, small-core fibres for use in nonlinear applications. Both fibres with a conventional step-index design and small-core holey fibres are considered. While the former technology is more mature, the latter rep…
The Optical Fibre Nanowire (OFN) is a potential building block in future micro- and nano-photonic device since it offers a number of unique optical and mechanical properties. In this thesis, the background and fundamental features of nanowires are introduced; the theory, design …
As high-k dielectrics are introduced into commercial Si CMOS (Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) microelectronics, the 40 year channel/dielectric partnership of Si/SiO2 is ended and the door opened for silicon to be replaced as the active channel material in MOSFETs (Metal…