The value of mild hyperthermia in improving the outcome of radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatments is well established. However, clinical applications are currently restricted to accessible tumours, with the application of controlled hyperthermia in solid tumours deep within th…
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This thesis presents the results of a theoretical and experimental study of active vibration control using velocity feedback with piezoceramic actuator(s) and closely located velocity sensor(s). The first part of the thesis presents modeling and design studies for a square piezo…
This thesis examines how periodic orbits may be used in acoustics to understand solutions of the Helmholtz equation. A review of the links between ray and wave mechanics is given including WKBJ (Wentzel, Kramers, Brillouin and Jeffreys) and EBK (Einstein, Brillouin, Keller) meth…
3D detectors are a novel variety of photodiode radiation detector, invented by Parker, Kenney and Segal (1997). Instead of having n- and p-type contacts on the front and back surfaces of a silicon substrate, like a standard photodiode, they have columns of doped material passing…
A test particle approach is used to study two distinct plasma physics situations. In the first case, the collisionless response of protons to cold plasma fast Alfven waves propagating in a non-uniform magnetic field configuration (specifically, a two-dimensional X-point field) i…
The use and optimisation of integration grid techniques to generate next-to-leading order predictions of jet cross-sections, independent of parton distribution functions, was investigated. Such methods were found to provide an accurate approximation to a standard Monte-Carlo sim…
The aim of this thesis is to study coherent plasma effects and collective plasma processes in pulsar environments. Pulsars are one of the most enigmatic objects in the universe. Formed in supernova explosions, pulsars are rapidly rotating neutron stars identified by their period…
Gate leakage variability in nano-scale CMOS devices is investigated through advanced modelling and simulations of planar, bulk-type MOSFETs. The motivation for the work stems from the two of the most challenging issues in front of the semiconductor industry - excessive leakage p…
The detection of Gravitational Waves using the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will open whole new areas of physics and astrophysics for exploration. The lower frequency signals detected by the antenna will allow us to probe gravitational wave sources that are inaccess…
The HERMES experiment was a forward angle spectrometer on the HERA storage ring at DESY, Hamburg, Germany. HERMES successfully increased understanding of the “spin puzzle”, the spin structure of the nucleon, by providing high precision measurements of ∆Σ in the Quark Parton Mode…
In 1905, Einstein postulated that the speed of light is not only finite, but that its speed in vacuum is a universal limit that no process can exceed. The Theory of General Relativity later extended this concept to include gravitational interactions, and Eddington's timely measu…
The aims of this thesis are to apply the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and beta Probability Density Function (β- PDF) for the simulation of turbulent non-premixed reacting flow, in particularly for the predictions of soot and NO production, and to investigate the radiative heat tr…
Little Higgs models offer an innovative solution of the naturalness problem of the Standard Model. These models contain new particles which cancel the quadratic divergences in the Higgs mass caused by the top, gauge and Higgs loops. These new particles contribute to loop induced…
Ion irradiation is an effective tool for the modifcation and control of the properties of magnetic thin films. Basic magnetic properties such as coercivity and local anisotropy direction can be altered in NiFe (Permalloy) films, whilst for Co/Pd multilayers, ion irradiation resu…
Vigabatrin, a GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) agonist is a drug widely prescribed in Europe and Asia between 1989 and 1997 for drug resistant, partial epilepsy and has been associated with visual field defects. Uncertainity in the effect of Vigabatrin on vision resulted in decreased …
This thesis describes the development, characterisation and application of a portable spectroscopy system for ultra-sensitive, real-time detection of breath ethane. In healthcare, breath ethane is a widely accepted marker of free radical-induced cell damage and may be used to in…
Due to intrinsic limitations of conventional silicon based devices the trend of miniaturisation cannot continue indefinitely, thus molecular devices are being used to develop smaller, faster and higher storage density memory devices. We present a thermally activated, switchable …
Fine tuning in the Standard Model (SM) is the basis for a widespread expectation that the minimal model for electroweak symmetry breaking, with a single Higgs boson, is not realised in nature and that new physics, in addition to (or instead of) the Higgs, will be discovered at t…
Optical singularities are points in complex scalar and vector fields where a property of the field becomes undefined (singular). In complex scalar fields these are phase singularities and in vector fields they are polarisation singularities. In the former the phase of the field …