The use of mass spectrometry to study of proteins and their non-covalent complexes has grown during the last few decades thanks to the introduction of soft ionisation techniques capable of preserving the weak molecular bonds present in higher order protein structure. The integra…
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The general concepts of the thesis are introduced in Chapter 1, including polymerization techniques employed to synthesize our catalytic nanoreactors and our motivations behind the work in this thesis. In Chapter 2 the catalytic activity of the amino acid L-proline after functio…
This thesis aims at understanding the interaction between insulin and interfaces with a multi-disciplinary approach. We investigate three facets of the interaction. In the first part (chapter 4), we study the interaction of insulin with the air/water interface, for different oli…
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor neuron disease that is universally fatal. The only drug that is currently FDA approved for the treatment of ALS is Riluzole (Figure 1), which improves life expectancy by a few months via an unknown mechanism. This thesis…
Liquid ammonia (LNH3) has a number of properties similar to water, such as the ability to dissolve a diverse range of chemical compounds and, based on the variety of chemical reactions in this non-aqueous solvent, speculation has arisen about the possibility of life processes in…
This thesis describes the preparation and characterisation of potential ‘modular’ solid state hydrogen storage solutions for on-board applications. The systems investigated throughout this work are based on reactions between light weight hydroxides and hydrides. In many senses l…
The uptake of dissolved CO2 by phytoplankton in the surface ocean and its delivery to the deep ocean via the remineralisation of sinking particles, the biological pump, is an important control on the exchange of CO2 between the ocean and the atmosphere. Ocean biogeochemical mode…
The targets of this thesis were the selective oxidation of hydrocarbons under mild conditions, using cheap and environmentally friendly oxidants and initiators. Three projects are treated; the oxidation of an alkane using O2 and a co-oxidant, the oxidation of toluene using TBHP …
Three general systems, tetrahedrally coordinated oxides, apatite oxides and brownmillerite type Ba\(_2\)Sc\(_2\)O\(_5\) systems have been investigated. Powder diffraction indicated the successful incorporation of aluminium and gallium into Ba\(_2\)GeO\(_4\) which led to an incre…
The work contained within this thesis concerns the synthesis and characterisation of novel [2]-rotaxanes, mediated via H-bonded templation. The template in question is based upon the barbiturate receptor as developed by A. D. Hamilton which up until now had not been utilised in …
This thesis investigates how nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements of diffusion are used to characterise reverse micelles (RMs) in water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions. The average droplet sizes were determined at varying water to surfactant ratios (ω) and droplet volume fr…
Calcination, is the process of heating a substance, to a temperature below its fusing point, with a resultant loss of water. It is one of the most important techniques currently used to enhance the properties, and therefore value, of kaolin. The overall aim of this project was t…
This thesis explores the synthesis of nucleobase-containing polymers by both reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and RAFT dispersion polymerization. In addition, self-assembly behavior of nucleobase-containing polymers is also described. Chapte…
Both acquired and intrinsic drug resistance are established clinical problems in many areas of medicine. This is particularly evident with the growing resistance to platinum chemotherapy agents in cancer treatment programmes. New, alternative treatments for platinum-resistance p…
The work presented in this thesis represents the chemical modification of waste and renewable vegetable oils to yield monomers for polyurethane, azide-alkyne click and nitrile-oxide click polymerisations. Chapter 1 provides a brief introduction to use of waste materials for new …
You’re surrounded by surfaces. Viewed from a macro perspective they might appear soft, brightly colored, or textured. Maybe you don’t think anything of them at all. But what happens when we take a closer look? Here, down at the nanoscale, chemical reactions at surfaces play a hu…
In the research reported in this thesis, hot-melt extrusion (HME) was coupled with process analytical technology (PAT) tools in order to investigate drug interactions during processing, identify drug/excipient interactions and monitor the quality of the extruded products. In ord…
Over the last few years stimulant substances, such as amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) and synthetic cathinones (SC), have dramatically increased the frequency of lethal intoxications. The spread of these stimulant drugs has caused a complex challenge to the forensic toxicology…