Effective surveillance of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is of the utmost importance in order to understand the disease risks and implement effective control strategies. Epidemiological data obtained for FMD is mostly obtained through recognition and reporting of clinical cases by…
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The role of the E4 protein in the human papillomavirus (HPV) life cycle is an enigma even though it has varied effects on cell behaviour and organisation in overexpression studies. Full-length E4 proteins are derived from E1^E4 spliced RNA transcripts and E1^E4 proteins from div…
There are many RNA virus pathogens of humans including influenza, parainfluenza, enteroviruses, parechoviruses, coronaviruses, pneumoviruses, and metapneumoviruses. These commonly invade and infect the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, giving rise to acute and chronic res…
At the beginning of this study, knowledge of autotransporter proteins was in its infancy and the B. pertussis proteins pertactin, BrkA and tracheal colonisation factor (Tcf) had not been recognised as members of this family. However, the sequence similarity between these Bordete…
To determine whether recurrent genomic imbalances are a feature of HL, CD30-positive HRS cells were laser microdissected from 20 cHL cases and 4 HL-derived cell lines and subjected to analyses by CGH. In primary tumours, the most frequently involved chromosomal gains were 17q (7…
mRNA was transcribed m vitro by the endogenous RNA transcriptase of calf rotavirus. This mRNA had a mean sedimentation coefficient of 12S, and hybridised to genomic double stranded RNA. Rotavirus mRNA appeared not to be polyadenylated as less than 1% of it was retained by oligo …
Numerous endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are found in all mammalian genomes and represent retroviruses which have, by chance, integrated into the germline and are transmitted vertically from parents to offspring. In many non-human primates these insertions have not been well-stud…
Human herpes virus 6 (HHV6) infects the majority of individuals in childhood, followed by a lifelong asymptomatic latent infection. However, in immunosuppressed individuals reactivation of HHV6 can cause significant clinical pathology. Recent successes with adoptive T cell thera…
Hantaviruses are a group of rodent-borne viruses. Seoul hantavirus is considered to be the only global hantavirus, although reported human cases outside of Asia are rare. Human infection occurs when breathing in aerosols of excreta from infected rodents. Hantaviruses have been l…
Parasite life history theory predicts that lifetime reproductive success evolves through differential allocation of energy to life history traits constrained by trade-offs. These life history traits govern the characteristics of parasites such as their virulence, transmission an…
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of global morbidity, causing long-term pathologies, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. While hepatocytes are the major site of viral replication, the liver contains multiple non-parenchymal cells that regulate the hepatic m…
Ovine Herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) is a gamma-herpesvirus that belongs to genus macavirus, is endemic in sheep worldwide. The virus infects sheep subclinically but when it is transmitted to cattle; it induces malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), a frequently fatal lymphoproliferative dise…
Human herpesvirus (HHV) –6A and HHV-6B are unique among herpesviruses in their ability to integrate into the telomeres of human chromosomes and be inherited in a Mendelian fashion. Based on current data, inherited chromosomally integrated HHV-6 (iciHHV-6) is present in 0.5-2% of…
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the causative agent in cervical cancer and have been implicated in a rising number of head and neck cancers in both men and women. There are two licensed prophylactic vaccines, both target HPV 16 and 18, the two most common, oncogenic types. How…
Transformed cells expressing BPV-1 E5 or BPV-4 E5 retain major histocompatibility class I (MHC I) molecules in the Golgi apparatus and cause the inhibition of transport of the complex to the cell surface. This effect can be ascribed to a failure of acidification of the Golgi app…
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) drives the development of immature LC from hematopoietic progenitor cells and shapes the cells functions. Here I showed that two LC model cells, MuLC and MDLC, used exchangeably in the research, differ significantly in their phenotype and …
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infects hepatocytes, a liver cell type with complex polarity. Virus entry is a multi-step process that is dependent on a number of host proteins including CD81, scavenger receptor BI, and the tight junction proteins claudin-1 and occludin. CD81 is an atta…
Enterovirus type 70 (EV 70) is the causative agent of a highly infectious haemorrhagic conjunctivitis that can rarely be complicated by a polio-like flaccid paralysis, and is one of only two enteroviruses (out of over 90) that infect the eye. EV70 has previously been reported to…