Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the commonest cancer worldwide and is a significant and increasing burden on health care resources. NMSC aetiology is fundamentally linked to sun exposure although infection with oncogenic viruses including Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) is though…
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Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) ICP27 is a multifunctional immediate early (IE) protein, required for expression of several early and late genes and acts at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. ICP27 contains both a nuclear localization signal and a nuclear export signal…
Haemorrhagic septicemia (HS), caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2, is an economically important disease responsible for morbidity and mortality of bovines, especially buffaloes, in countries of South or Southeast Asia and Africa. A feature of…
The replication of CD4+ T cell-tropic retroviruses such as the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is intricately linked to host cell signalling and activation status. This intimate relationship between the viruses and their respect…
The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) UL25 protein (pUL25) is a minor capsid protein that is essential for packaging the full-length viral genome into preformed precursor capsid. It is also important in virus entry and recently has been implicated in the egress of the virus fr…
Immune responses towards Cytomegalovirus (CMV) often increase in magnitude with age; a phenomenon termed ‘memory inflation’. Elevated CMV-specific immunity is correlated with an increased mortality rate in elderly individuals and there is considerable interest in therapeutic app…
The emergence and spread of insecticide resistance compromises the control of mosquito borne diseases that are responsible for millions of deaths every year in tropical and subtropical areas. Mathematical modelling is a valuable tool that can be used to explore different aspects…
Feline leukaemia virus is a significant pathogen of domestic cats which causes a range of proliferative and non-proliferative haematopoietic disorders. This virus has been extensively studied in the past, however advancements in molecular techniques now allow long-standing contr…
Extensive study of the prototypical alphaherpesvirus, Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1), has revealed much about its biology and structure. The characteristic virion comprises a DNA containing capsid surrounded by consecutive layers of proteinaceous tegument and lipid envelope…
Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is cleared spontaneously in only 20% of cases with the majority of individuals developing a chronic infection. This discrepancy in disease outcome is incompletely understood but current understanding of the immune response to HCV suggests t…
Strong adaptive evolutionary forces shape the interactions between pathogens and their hosts and typically lead to a stable co-existence. In this process of co-evolution, mammals have developed restriction factors that limit retrovirus infectivity, replication or assembly and na…
The innate immune system is a vital part of the body's defences against viral pathogens. RIG-I and MDA5 belong to the retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) family and function as cytoplasmic PRRs that are involved in the elimination of actively replicating…
Dendritic cells are efficient antigen-presenting-cells that can be used in tumour-antigen specific vaccination for malignant disease. Melanoma patients were recently treated with a dendritic cell vaccine expressing gp100 and Melan-A antigens after non-viral (CL22 peptide) transf…
A PSD95/Dlg/ZO-1(PDZ)-binding motif (PBM) in the E6 protein of high-risk, cancer-causing human papillomaviruses (HPV) targets a subset of cellular PDZ domain-containing proteins involved in diverse regulatory processes including cell polarity and proliferation, for proteasome-me…
Although Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) usually establishes a harmless infection in human memory B cells, it is implicated in the development of germinal centre (GC) B-cell-derived malignancies, including Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL). I have shown using gene expression profiling that lymph…
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded Latent membrane proteins (LMP) 2A and LMP2B are frequently expressed in a number of EBV-associated malignancies. Although the true function of these proteins remains to be elucidated, LMP2A appears to function as a surrogate B-cell receptor i…
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of infectious disease mortality in the world by a single bacterial pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Current TB chemotherapy remains useful in treating susceptible M. tuberculosis strains, however, the emergence of MDR-TB and XDR-TB dem…
Adenoviruses (Ads) have many attractive characteristics for use as agents of genebased vaccines and therapies. The most frequently used Ad vectors in preclinical research are based on Ad5. However, in the clinical setting Ad5 vectors have severe limitations. About 90% of the pop…
With respect to proposed novel ORFs identified by in silico analysis, in most cases, we found no evidence for transcript expression. Of those that gave positive hybridisation signals, most might be explained by overlapping transcripts from genes in the same region and coding in …