Background: Host-associated microbial communities play a significant role in a species’ environmental interactions, often performing functions unachievable by the eukaryotic host, and is essential in developing a comprehensive understanding of the species and its impact on the l…
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WNT signalling is a major driving force in cartilage development, chondrocyte differentiation, and homeostasis. Due to its major role in cartilage homeostasis, deregulation of this pathway was suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis, which causes cartil…
Bacteria form biofilms on solid surfaces by using surface adhesins and by secreting extracellular matrix components. While many biofilms are harmful, for example in clinical and industrial settings, biofilms have been shown to improve yield in biocatalysis reactions generating p…
The multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) operon in Escherichia coli is responsible for resistance to a broad range of antibacterial drugs. The mar operon is normally transcriptionally silent, but a faulty mar repressor (MarR) leads to constitutive expression of MarA (the mar act…
ESBL prevalence is increasing globally and travellers visiting South Asia have high rates of acquisition of CTX-M-producing-E. coli (CTX-M-EC). A prospective observational cohort study of volunteers traveling from the UK to South Asia was undertaken to determine the mechanism of…
With global food insecurity on the rise and increased pressures on habitat conservation it is vital to pursue increased efficiencies in plant breeding. New understanding of genetics in the last five decades has provided significant advances in yield gains in most cultivated crop…
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a life-threatening issue and the situation is deteriorating each year resulting in an increasing number of deaths. The resistance of drugs developed by microbes is a natural process but this can be sped up easily due to unhygienic environments, …
Arsenic exhibits diverse chemical reactivity depending upon its oxidation state. This distinctive reactivity has been largely overlooked in the field of polymer and biomaterials science, owing to concerns about the toxicity of arsenic. However, a recent clinical renaissance in t…
Unlike most animals, plants can regenerate new tissues, organs or an entire organism by changing the developmentally committed program of individual cells - a phenomenon known as totipotency. This unique developmental plasticity of plants has been exploited in agriculture and ho…
Previous transcriptomic experiments have revealed that various Escherichia coli K-12 genes encoding proteins of unknown function are highly expressed during anaerobic growth in the presence of nitrate, or especially nitrite. Products of some of these genes, especially YeaR-YoaG,…
There is good evidence that high dietary calcium intake reduces the incidence of colorectal cancer. The mechanism by which calcium acts is unknown. It was hypothesised that parathyroid hormone (PTH) acts on colorectal epithelium and that calcium acts by suppressing serum PTH. Re…
Meiosis is a specialised cell division essential for sexual reproduction. During meiosis the chromosomes are highly organised and correct chromosome architecture is required for meiotic recombination and faithful segregation of chromosomes at anaphase. Condensin is involved in c…
The work described in this thesis concerns the synthesis, DNA binding and cytotoxicity studies of new Rh(III) supramolecular complexes. Chapter 1 reviews DNA molecular recognition by synthetic agents; exploring the different DNA binding modes and their importance in the anticanc…
Nitric Oxide (NO) is known to alter cell proliferation and growth. This project investigated the molecular targets of NO, using the salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster third instar larvae. A screen of 75 transgenic Drosophila lines expressing Yellow Fluorescent Protein ta…
Gene directed enzyme prodrug therapy using E.coli the enzyme nitroreductase (NR) to activate the prodrug CB1954, is being developed as an attractive targeted chemotherapy for eradication of localized tumours. In addition to direct killing of NR-expressing tumour cells and potent…
Data from this thesis has extended our understanding of the molecular epidemiology and transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Midlands. A novel DNA fingerprinting method called Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units containing Variable Number Tandem Repeats (MIRU…
Drought is arguably one the greatest future challenges for agriculture. The response of phloem feeders, such as aphids, to increased drought expected under climate change is still relatively undefined. The effect on aphid feeding of drought stress in plants can be viewed as pote…
Endothelium forms an interface between vasculature and cellular sub endothelial environment responding to the changes in the immediate environment in health and disease. During vasculitic glomerulonephritis (VGN), autoantibodies raised against neutrophil serine proteases (SP) ac…
Photosynthetic picoeukaroytes (PPEs), defined here as single celled organisms <3 μm in diameter, are significant contributors to primary production. Until recently, marine PPEs had received relatively little research attention in contrast to the more numerous picocyanobacteria. …