Methane (CH4) is one of the most potent greenhouse gases and its increasing concentration in the Earth’s atmosphere is linked to today’s global warming. The types of land and land-use have an impact on net CH4 fluxes, e.g. wetlands are generally net CH4 emitters while upland for…
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The bacterial twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway has the unique ability to export pre-folded proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane. Its name came from the almost invariant twin-arginine motif in the signal peptide of Tat substrates. Escherichia coli, a Gram-negative ba…
Fasciola hepatica is responsible for substantial economic losses and animal welfare issues within the agricultural sector worldwide. The increasing incidence of fasciolosis, coupled with the emergence of flukicide resistance, makes vaccination an attractive alternative control s…
Since the Gram positive anaerobe Clostridium difficile was first isolated and described, it has emerged as an increasingly important nosocomial pathogen in Europe, North America and elsewhere, and the prime causative agent of antibiotic associated dirrhoea and pseudomembranous c…
Autophagy is a conserved lysosomal degradation pathway for recycling long-lived proteins and organelles that is thought to be required for life cycle progression and virulence of Leishmania. ATG8 is a ubiquitin like protein that is required for the formation of autophagosomes, a…
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen of animals and humans causing medical complications in burns, wounds, and cystic fibrosis. P. aeruginosa is efficient at adapting its virulence phenotype depending on the site of infection. Emerging multi-drug resistant strains…
The extensive allelic variability observed in several genes related to the immune response and its significance in transplantation, disease association studies and diversity in human populations has led the scientific community to analyse these variants among individuals. This t…
Gene directed enzyme prodrug therapy using E.coli the enzyme nitroreductase (NR) to activate the prodrug CB1954, is being developed as an attractive targeted chemotherapy for eradication of localized tumours. In addition to direct killing of NR-expressing tumour cells and potent…
Despite advances in treatment, peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in PD patients. Given that peritonitis can be the proximate cause of technique failure and cause ultrafiltration failure at a later time, it is importa…
Clostridium difficile, a Gram positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium is the commonest cause of hospital acquired infection in the UK. The organism initiates infection through spore formation and attachment, germination in the gut and then the production of two potent cytot…
There is an urgent need for new chemotherapies against human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei. It is anticipated that the parasites’ divergent biochemistry will enable development of novel therapies. To study the behaviour of a c…
Abstract P.aeruginosa is an extracellular, Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen. One of the most important virulence factors during infection is the type III secretion system (T3SS). This system is found exclusively in Gram-negative bacteria and it forms a conduit between the ba…
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been proposed to be a therapeutic target for patients with type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. In skeletal muscle AMPK stimulates glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation, whereas in liver it inhibits fatty acid and cholesterol synt…
Thiol dependent reductase 1 (TDR1) of Leishmania has been implicated in both the activation of pentavalent antimonial drugs and in the generation of drug-thiol conjugates facilitating drug-resistance. Reverse genetic studies were carried out on TDR1 to elucidate the role of the …
As a result of numerous advantages over glass based devices, flexible displays continue to gather momentum. Many problems associated with fabrication of devices on polymers have been overcome, but the detrimental effect of water permeation through these substrates due to defects…
Heat shock protein 70 (HSPA/HSP70) gene expression is induced by a wide range of cellular stress conditions. This study investigated HSPA/HSP70 expression in human cell lines exposed to hypoxic conditions, in cancerous and non-cancerous brain tissue specimens from 18 patients (g…
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is among the commensal bacteria species that asymptomatically colonise the human nasopharynx. However, this species may occasionally invade the host’s sterile sites (lungs, blood, middle of the ear and cerebral spinal fluid) and cause seve…
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a seafood-borne pathogenic bacterium which is a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. In the present study, the genetic relationships and population structure of isolates originating from clinical and seafood production sources in Thailand were inv…
Many parasites of mammals avoid elimination by varying their exposed antigens. African trypanosomes—deadly parasites of humans and livestock in tropical Africa—possess a comprehensive system of antigenic variation (AV). Trypanosoma brucei undergo frequent, stochastic changes to …