Arsenic exhibits diverse chemical reactivity depending upon its oxidation state. This distinctive reactivity has been largely overlooked in the field of polymer and biomaterials science, owing to concerns about the toxicity of arsenic. However, a recent clinical renaissance in t…
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Unlike most animals, plants can regenerate new tissues, organs or an entire organism by changing the developmentally committed program of individual cells - a phenomenon known as totipotency. This unique developmental plasticity of plants has been exploited in agriculture and ho…
Escherichia coli is a diverse bacterial species found largely as a harmless commensal in the gastrointestinal tract of warm-blooded mammals. However, an array of highly adapted E. coli pathotypes have evolved over time capable of causing a variety of niche specific diseases, bot…
Neurodegenerative conditions such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and spinal cord injury (SCI) affect hundreds of thousands of people each year worldwide, and numerous cell transplant-based therapeutic strategies are being investigated to aid in the repair and regeneration of the cen…
The purpose of this project was to generate low temperature active esterases for a constituent of laundry detergent, to permit the hydrolysis of fat and oil stains in cold water washing. To determine how well the esterase could work against substrate bound to a surface at low te…
Background: Host-associated microbial communities play a significant role in a species’ environmental interactions, often performing functions unachievable by the eukaryotic host, and is essential in developing a comprehensive understanding of the species and its impact on the l…
WNT signalling is a major driving force in cartilage development, chondrocyte differentiation, and homeostasis. Due to its major role in cartilage homeostasis, deregulation of this pathway was suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis, which causes cartil…
Replication of the genome is a central process in cellular life, which must be tightly regulated at the risk of genomic instability. DNA replication has been extensively studied in bacteria and eukaryotes, and recently, in archaea. Universally, DNA replication is started at spec…
Bacterial proteins destined to function extracellularly must efficiently cross two layers of membrane covering the cells. To do so, numerous transporter systems are employed to ensure the delivery of these proteins to their final destination in their fully functional state. Auto…
Histone modifications form an important part of the epigenetic landscape that controls many aspects of cellular function, including regulation of gene expression and cell differentiation. The persistence and inheritance of many of these modifications through the cell cycle and d…
Both acquired and intrinsic drug resistance are established clinical problems in many areas of medicine. This is particularly evident with the growing resistance to platinum chemotherapy agents in cancer treatment programmes. New, alternative treatments for platinum-resistance p…
The identification and treatment of bacterial infections remains a major healthcare challenge, especially to ensure appropriate application of a limited spectrum of antibiotics. Therefore the development of alternatives to antibiotics and new analytical tools to probe pathogenic…
Botulinum neurotoxin induces a potentially fatal paralytic condition in humans and various animal species collectively known as 'botulism'. It consequently poses a major problem to the food industry, due to the ability of its spores to survive in cooked foods. The incidence of w…
Experimental meningitis was induced in pigmented guinea pigs by subarachnoid inoculation of \(1 \times 10^9\) Escherichia coli K-12 or \(3 \times 10^7\) CFU Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 2 D39 (NCTC 7466) or PLN-A, \(Δ\)NA1 or \(Δ\)HY1, defined isogenic derivatives of D39 de…
Advances in DNA sequencing technologies, particularly the advent of next generation sequencing (NGS) platforms, have revolutionised the field of metagenomics and allowed great progress to be made in the way that microbial communities are analysed. However, the wealth of data now…
Introduction: Varying degrees of periodontal disease affect the majority of the population. Severe forms of periodontitis have a considerable impact on oral health and quality of life. Periodontitis results from imbalances in the oral microbiome and the host immune response. The…
For most pathogenic bacteria, the adherence to host cells is a crucial step for infection. Therefore, targeting bacterial attachment could be a potential way for treating bacterial infections. This thesis focuses on the interactions between the adhesin Multivalent Adhesion Molec…
RNA virus recombination is a key evolutionary mechanism and a driver of genetic diversity. In recent studies using an in vitro “CRE-REP” assay involving replication-compromised parental genomes, recombination was shown to be a biphasic process involving an initial imprecise cros…
Mupirocin (Pseudomonic acid A) has long been used against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA, yet bacteria have developed resistance, threatening future use. Structurally similar to mupirocin is thiomarinol A, a natural compound produced by the marine bacterium Pse…