It is proposed that Ionic Liquids offer a new opportunity for exploration into a novel medium for processing Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, particularly with respect to habit control and polymorphic form. A review of relevant literature relating to ionic liquids properties, …
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The hydrogen permeability of surface modified Pd\(_6\)\(_0\) Cu\(_4\)\(_0\) wt% (Pd\(_4\)\(_7\)\(.\)\(_3\)Cu\(_5\)\(_2\)\(_.\)\(_7\)at%) membranes have been determined for the first time. Surface modification was accomplished through the deposition of Pd thin films of three diff…
Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are widely used for the therapy of respiratory and pulmonary diseases. In this study, a coupled discrete element method and computational fluid dynamics (DEM-CFD) is employed to investigate the micromechanics of carrier-based DPIs. The effects of van d…
There is an increasing demand from the pharmaceutical and food industries for new probiotic products. Some yeast strains offer probiotic benefits, but it has not been possible to formulate them successfully into a tablet dosage form. Direct compression is regarded as the best te…
Vapour – liquid equilibria were measured for the acetic acid + water and the propanoic acid + water systems, in the temperature range of 412.6 to 483.2 K and pressures of 1.87 to 19.38 bar, over the entire range of concentrations. An experimental apparatus based on the static-an…
Calcination, is the process of heating a substance, to a temperature below its fusing point, with a resultant loss of water. It is one of the most important techniques currently used to enhance the properties, and therefore value, of kaolin. The overall aim of this project was t…
Freeze-drying is an energy demanding operation involving dehydration through sublimation of ice crystals. It has important application in the production of high quality dried food such as instant coffee. Correlating the operating conditions with product attributes is essential t…
The thesis examines the relationship between the Norwegian state and the international oil companies from 1965 when the first oil concessions were granted on the Norwegian Continental Shelf to the beginning of 1975. It singles out three variables which were the objects of bargai…
This thesis looks directly into the controversial subject of the microwave field effect by the production of a versatile prototype isothermal microwave reactor for the investigation of enzymatic and microbiological reactions. The observed results from the prototype reactor and e…
Scientific narratives are pervasive in international policy, in part, due to the increasing degree to which technological considerations enter modern thinking. These narratives are particularly visible in the chemical weapon prevention regime, which must accommodate changes in s…
The work described in this thesis concerns the design, synthesis, DNA binding and biological activity of palladium(II) supramolecular cylinders that might be capable of recognizing a DNA four-way junction. An introduction to DNA structure will be presented, as well as the differ…
Twin screw extruder (TSE) has been studied extensively as a granulator because it allows continuous processing. Initial work was carried out by comparing the TSE with conventional granulator shows that the mechanism of TSE granulation is different from conventional granulation w…
An artificial liposome membrane system has been employed for in vitro screening of the human absorption of biologically active molecules for applications in nutrition and drug treatments. Initial work with molecules having small permeabilities demonstrated that they could not be…
As a result of numerous advantages over glass based devices, flexible displays continue to gather momentum. Many problems associated with fabrication of devices on polymers have been overcome, but the detrimental effect of water permeation through these substrates due to defects…
Nano-biotechnology combines recent advances in nanotechnology with biology. It is a relatively new discipline and full of promise. One such promise is the elucidation of complex bio-molecular reactions and interactions, the elucidation of which requires the development of reliab…
In this study, three different methods have been used to investigate the bacterial interaction with the substratum, i.e. atomic force microscopy (AFM), spinning disc and micromanipulation. Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIMB 9046 was chosen as a model microorganism to study the cell-s…
This thesis investigates how the properties of foams can be modulated by the addition of particles to the foam solution. As a model system hydrophobic and hydrophilic silica particles were used. The de-agglomeration of hydrophilic silica particles in water and surfactant solutio…
Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO\(_2\)) and Soxhlet extraction using hexane as solvent were used to extract 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) from Pandan leaves. The effect of different extraction pre-treatments, such as particle size and drying on the extraction yield and concentr…
The combustion and emissions performance of oxygenated fuels has been investigated in a modern direct-injection spark-ignition (DISI) engine. In particular, the new biofuel candidate, 2,5-dimethylfuran, otherwise known as DMF, has been assessed as a future automotive fuel agains…