This work investigates the effect of fat crystal-stabilised interfaces on the transport of solutes between the two aqueous phases in W1/O/W2 emulsions. The aim is to separate solutes (NaCl or KCl) between the two aqueous phases. Fat crystals are used to stabilise the primary emu…
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In this research work, the effect caused by electrical processing on mass transfer in food materials was studied by designing and performing experiments that allowed the visualisation of: the effect of moderate electrical fields (MEF \(\leq\)1000V cm\(^{-1}\)) on mass transfer i…
High demand of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in recent time requires LNG carriers in more frequent operations in order to meet customers' needs. To ensure that the LNG carriers are always reliable in service, it has become necessary to adopt various advanced modelling techniques s…
The research presented in this thesis explores the design and fabrication of microstructured and switchable biological surfaces, which may have potential applications of nanobiotechnology. The thesis focuses on the fabrication of biological surfaces which can be controlled via e…
Mechanical properties of the plant cell wall are important in many industrial applications including biofuels, food quality and biotechnology. The plant cell wall consists of a network of cellulose microfibrils cross-linked with hemi-cellulose and interpenetrated by pectin. It i…
Stirred vessels are used in a wide variety of process industries such as fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, polymers and foods. In order to design efficient mixing vessels, a deep understanding of the blending processes is required. In cases where the fluid is not completely trans…
This thesis describes investigations performed into the ion exchange and intercalation properties of aluminium triphosphate, AlH\(_2\)P\(_3\)O\(_{10}\)•2H\(_2\)O (AlTP). Materials synthesised were characterised using a variety of techniques, including powder neutron and X-ray di…
This thesis investigates the structural and physical effects of changing the ratio of Mn:Ga in the anion deficient perovskite, YSr\(_3\)Mn\(_{4-x}\)GaxO\(_{10.5}\). YSr\(_3\)Mn\(_{4-x}\)GaxO\(_{10.5}\) crystallises in the tetragonal space group I4/mmm, with lattice parameters a~…
This thesis presents an investigation into the morphology of palladium (Pd) size selected clusters and industrial Pd catalysts using high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) technique. The driving force of this work is to establish rel…
The results of the hydrothermal oxidation of 1,8 diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), a toxic nitrogen-containing organic compound by different processes is presented here. Subcritical experiments (wet air oxidation (WAO) and catalytic wet air oxidation(CWAO)), were conducted i…
This work concentrates on the selection and improvement of differential equation based models of the penicillin G fermentation. Published penicillin fermentation models have been reviewed and compared with regard to their abilities to predict fermentation behaviour, genetic algo…
The aim of this project was to assess treatment processes for an effluent generated from the manufacture of a mixture of dinitroethylbenzene and trinitroethylbenzene, known as K10.
Considerable progress in understanding and predicting two-phase flow phenomena has been advanced over the past 10 years or so using a combination of model development, computational techniques and well-designed experiments. However, there remain many modelling uncertainties main…
The modelling of two key areas of transport phenomena in a new polymetallic smelter has been achieved by using both mathematical andphysical models to investigate optimum operating conditions. A study of oxygen mass transfer caused by multiple top-blown, subsonic gas jets contac…
The aim of the present work was to study the effects of molecular interactions between proteins upon foam quality in batch and continuous operations, and to investigate foam fractionation as a method of protein recovery from real biological feedstocks. Foam stability studies of …
The hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics of a concurrent downflow contactor (CDC) are studied in this work in order to investigate the viability of this bubble column as a catalytic reactor for the hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. Oxygen/water was used as t…
The primary objective was the preparation of a complete mass balance around an aerobic treatment system for pig slurry, to quantify the various forms of nitrogen entering and leaving under different conditions. The purpose of this was to assess the effect of such treatment condi…
Urban demand has increased the need to redevelop contaminated land. New legislation for land management has actively discouraged previously acceptable dig and dump practices. This has encouraged in-situ remediation approaches, for which stabilisation / solidification (S/S) is pa…
There is a clear need for the development of novel materials for bone regeneration. There is, however, with the exception of poly-(methyl methacrylate) a lack of mouldable polymeric fillers for irregular bone defects. In this thesis, we investigate the production of a new bone g…