The aim of this work is to better understand the structuring processes in low fat dairy emulsions. Model sodium caseinate-galactomannan aqueous two-phase systems (NaCAS-GM ATPS) differing in GM-type (locust bean gum (LBG), tara gum (TG), guar gum (GG), fenugreek gum (FG)) and ad…
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Total disc arthroplasty (TDA) can be used to replace a degenerated intervertebral disc in the spine. There are different designs of TDAs, but one of the most common is a ball-and-socket combination. Contact between the bearing surfaces of such designs can result in high friction…
In recent years, it has been recognised that a better understanding of processes involving particulate material is necessary to improve manufacturing capabilities and product quality. The use of Discrete Element Modeling (DEM) for more complicated particulate systems has increas…
Hollow low density microspheres were prepared by adsorbing kaolin nanoparticles onto a polystyrene (PS) template. A cationic polyelectrolyte, poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride), was initially adsorbed on the PS to render the surface cationic enabling the kaolin nanoparticles …
Most granular laundry detergents are manufactured through spray drying. One drawback of this process is wall build-up, which negatively effects process operation, safety and product quality. Macro and micro-scale observations showed the amount and micro-structure of deposits cha…
The creation of drops from the growth of surface tension instabilities on the surface of liquid jets has been exploited in many industrial applications. Curved jets are relevant to prilling, which creates small spherical pellets from molten material. There is a need to optimise …
This project investigated how various minerals of different surface areas and morphologies can be used to adsorb isothiazoline biocides for controlled-release and antimicrobial purposes. The absorption of the biocides on the mineral powders was achieved by way of using a bench h…
Many foods contain large amounts of saturated fatty acids (SaFa), which are considered unhealthy, and their presence in the diet is one of the contributing factors of cardio-vascular disease, obesity and the inherent risk of diabetes. It has become the driver of food producers t…
Chemical and physical processing in the small intestine is an important step for food digestion and absorption. Having reviewed the literature, a relevant model has been developed which enabled investigation into the fluid flow, mixing mechanisms and delivery of nutrients to the…
Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester, FAME) is a renewable diesel fuel made from vegetable oil and methanol. The two main problems with the process are disposal of waste streams and product purity. This thesis studies biodiesel process improvements, especially glycerol conversion …
Anaerobic digestion technology has not gained widespread acceptance on UK farms due mainly to the long return on investment periods involved. It has been suggested that co-digestion of agricultural and industrial wastes may enhance the economic viability of such installations. B…
Fossil fuels are a finite resource, which are subject to erratic price fluctuations and are contributing to disruption of the global carbon cycle. There is a requirement to establish a renewable, sustainable and secure fuel source that can reduce worldwide dependence on oil. Ind…
Suspensions of micron sized air cells, Air Filled Emulsions (AFEs), represent a new colloidal material with outstanding physical properties. They have the potential for technological applications in very different fields such as biomedical, environmental sciences and the food in…
Retroviral vectors are a promising tool for gene therapy. However, there are two major problems to overcome if a viable commercial production process is to be established. These are the instability of virus particles and the low virus titres. The characteristics of the producer …
Perfume is an expensive ingredient for most laundry detergents. To target its delivery to the fabric fibres at the right moment after the wash, improve its performance and reduce costs, using perfume microcapsules is one of the technologies that have been developed. Old technolo…
Highly conductive (3.0 - 5.0 x 10 \(^{-4}\) \( Ω\) cm) and transparent (80 – 85% ) ITO films were successfully fabricated on glass and polymer substrates (PET, PEN and PC) by pulsed laser deposition at low temperatures (24 – 150 °C). The influence of deposition conditions on the…
Manufacturers are under pressure to reformulate products to make healthier foods, without changing desirability or flavour. A better understanding of product breakdown under oral conditions is essential to structure novel products which are healthier without consumers noticing. …
Studies were conducted to explore whether high pressure (up to 700 MPa) could be used in combination with elevated temperatures (up to 90°C initial temperature) to produce ambient stable green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) with improved quality compared with conventionally heat pro…
Calcium phosphate (CaP) based material, especially hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles have a wide range of applications in a number of fields, such as drug delivery, gene therapy, bone cements, dental applications, chromatography and waste water remediation. Depending on the app…