There are numerous techniques that can be used for the decoration of polymeric substrates, dye sublimation, self-colouring, paint spraying, granular injection paint technology, pad printing, in-mould decoration and hot foil stamping. Dye sublimation was selected for this researc…
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Nanofiltration has many potential applications as a separation technology for processes that use mixtures of aqueous and organic solvents, for example alcohol/water mixtures. Membrane systems are well established for separations carried out in aqueous media, however they have se…
This work aims to address the need for more durable electrocatalysts with lower precious metal content for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), through the development of novel electrocatalyst materials and preparation routes. In this work, 'Nafion-Pt/C' electrocatalyst…
Clear scientific links between major diseases and diet are the main reasons for a change in food processing technology and products. Duplex emulsions offer the possibility of reduction of the fat content, and also encapsulation of bio-components and their targeted delivery withi…
The purpose of this research was to contribute to the development of H\(_2\) production technologies from biomass. The study integrated thermochemical processes to achieve biomass hydrolysis with biological methods to then obtain H2 by the fermentation of these hydrolysates usin…
Ethanol is one of a group of hydrocarbon fuels produced from bio-mass which is attracting interest as an alternative fuel for spark ignition engines. Major producers of ethanol include Brazil, from sugar cane, and the USA, from com. Reasons for the growing interest in ethanol in…
It is highly desirable to devise a systematic approach to predict cell – material interactions, especially for novel biomaterial surfaces, and to further understanding in the complex area of attachment and spreading. The aim of this research was to produce a new method of studyi…
Three dimensional scaffolds were created from a biodegradable polymer (polylactide) and the mineral silica utilising supercritical fluid (SCF) gas foaming. The effect of silica on the scaffold pore architecture was investigated through X-ray computed microtomography (microCT); t…
Catalytic deactivation caused by coking was studied in ZSM5 and zeolite Y catalysts during the isomerisation of 1-hexene under sub and supercritical conditions. The effects of varying temperature and pressure, from 220–250 °C and 10-70 bar respectively, on conversion and coke de…
Emulsions are a vital part of many products in everyday use, such as foods, cosmetics, and even construction materials. Membrane emulsification is a technique which has been used to produce emulsions in a manner contrary to the traditional methods where droplets are broken and r…
This study aimed to study the effect of potential large-scale bioreactor environmental heterogeneities during fed-batch culture on the performance of an industrially-relevant GS-CHO cell culture, producing an IgG antibody. Heterogeneity was created by a two-compartment scale-dow…
The study of electronic noses has been an active area of research for over 25 years. Commercial instruments have been successfully deployed within niche application areas, for example, the food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries. However, these instruments are still inferio…
Hydrocarbon selective catalytic reduction (HC-SCR) is emerging as one of the most practical methods for the removal of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from light-duty-diesel engine exhaust gas. In order to further promote the chemical reactions of NOx-SCR by hydrocarbons, an understanding…
In the light of the recent research interest in emulsion formation, this PhD thesis seeks to expand the current body of knowledge regarding the role of various emulsifiers on emulsion formation mechanisms. This study is particularly relevant to the food industries, where formula…
An experimental study was carried out concerning the optimization of catalyst type, operating conditions, addition of water and hydrogen for use in the THAI-CAPRI process and is reported. Three feeds namely, THAI field oil, Combustion Cell Oil (CCO) and n-decane were used in the…
One of the major drawbacks to the large scale application of magnetic support based separations in biotechnology is the astronomic price of large quantities of commercially available magnetic support materials. The aim of this work has been to develop a simple, fast and scalable…
Gelation of hydrocolloids under shear conditions results in a weak gel which is capable of sustaining elastic mechanical deformation at small strains but which flows if subjected to higher deformations (fluid gels). I have investigated the formation, production and lubrication p…
The thesis starts with characterization of alginate that involved the viscosity, ageing, and degradation of different concentrations of alginate. Live/Dead, MTT, and Hoechst 33258 assays were used to investigate cell viability and proliferation in alginate discs. Pulsed-low inte…
Tendon and ligament damage causes extreme pain and decreased joint functionality. Current repair methods cannot restore original joint biomechanics nor promote regeneration of native tissue. Recent advances in tendon and ligament repair have involved engineering tissue using cel…