Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is a lentivirus causing debilitating disease in horses worldwide. Genomic sequence analysis has demonstrated the evolutionary relationship of EIAV to human immunodeficiency virus, caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus and visna virus. This gr…
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Due to its proteolytic and nonfermentative activity suggestions have been made to place Pasteurella anatipestifer (the causal agent of duck septicaemia) under the genus Moraxella. However, presently it is listed under genus Pasteurella as species incertae sedis. In this study ov…
In the early 1970s, influenza surveillance programs provided evidence that the epizootiology of influenza in wild waterfowl differed from the epizootiology and epidemiology of influenza in domestic poultry, lower mammals, and humans. One major variation was the recovery of numer…
Quarter foremilk and streak canal swab samples were taken from 45 cows and 38 heifers within first three days, days 13 to 15 and days 20 to 22 postpartum. In addition, in cows similar samples were taken for 3 consecutive days at the cessation of lactation. At calving, 34.4 and 4…
Enteritis in turkeys and chickens is a major economic problem. Enterovirus can induce an enteric disease syndrome in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) poults characterized by depression, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, and pasted vents. The sites of enterovirus replication and the charac…
Pasteurella multocida is the causative agent of avian pasteurellosis, which is a highly contagious disease affecting avian species. The objectives of this research are to identify and characterize the cross-protection factor (CPF) immunogen(s) from type A P. multocida. In the fi…
A disease of turkey poults occurring within the first 4 weeks of life was studied. This disease causes diarrhea, listlessness, nervousness, litter eating, and results in growth retardation (stunting) of affected poults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of en…
Turkey coryza (TC) is an upper respiratory tract disease of turkeys caused by a gram-negative bacterium initially identified as Alcaligenes faecalis and more recently as Bordetella avium. Two types of this bacterium (designated type I and type II) based on colony morphology have…
Studies were initiated to examine the feasibility of orally vaccinating turkeys via the drinking water against erysipelas using a live culture vaccine. Evaluation of vaccine efficacy was determined by challenging orally-vaccinated birds with a virulent strain of Erysipelothrix r…
Intratracheal injection (IT) of silica or fly ash into Syrian golden hamsters caused significantly enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC); however, the percent macrophages neutrophils and lymphocytes did not change with particulate injection. IT injection …
The goals of this study were to investigate some aspects of the toxicity of Solanum dimidiatum. This included examining the acetylcholinesterase inhibiting potential in the central nervous system of an isolate from this plant; looking at the effects of the isolate on selected bi…
A modified plaque assay technique for the quantitation of rotaviruses was developed; the technique was sensitive, quantitative and reproducible for the measurement of infectivity of the bovine Nebraska calf diarrhea (NCDV) and simian South African 11 (SA11) rotaviruses produced …
The research described was designed to identify and characterize the major bacterial clones of Escherichia coli that cause infectious diseases in domestic poultry, with special emphasis on strains associated with avian colibacillosis, swollen-head syndrome, and turkey coliseptic…
The pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital (PHB, 10 mg/kg), carbamazepine (CBZ, 7.5 mg/kg), and antipyrine (AP, 50 mg/kg) were studied in mature domestic turkeys, roosters, and ducks following a single IV administration. In addition, the bioavailability of PHB (11 mg/kg) was determin…
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and genus morbillivirus. It is a highly contagious, fatal and economically important viral disease of small ruminants that is still endemic and militate against the production of sheep and goats in Nig…
Infectious diseases are significant impediments to the growth and sustainability of commercial shrimp aquaculture. Endemic diseases such as that caused by the obligate intracellular parasite the Necrotizing Hepatopancreatitis Bacterium (NHPB), cause significant losses to shrimp …
Turkey parvovirus belongs to the family Parvoviridae, subfamily Parvovirinae, genus parvovirus. It was identified in turkeys with enteritis for the first time in 1983. Since then there were no further reports on turkey parvovirus in the United States (US) until 2008 when Zsak et…
Streptococcus iniae has emerged as a significant finfish and zoonotic pathogen with an annual economic impact exceeding 100 million U.S. to the global aquaculture industry. Currently there are no commercial vaccines licensed outside of Asia-Pacific, indeed early efforts to contr…
After a hiatus of >20 years, reovirus-associated lameness/arthritis has resurfaced in the U.S. We have isolated several strains of TARV (turkey arthritis reovirus) from such cases showing signs of wing tip bruises and unilateral or bilateral swelling of the tibiotarsal joints. G…