Influenza A viruses (IAVs) belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae and represent major pathogens of both humans and animals. Swine influenza virus is an important pathogen that affects not only the swine industry, but also represents a constant threat to the turkey industry and is…
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential role of proteolytic bacteria in the exacerbation of avian influenza (AI) infections in poultry. Initially, numerous proteolytic bacteria were recovered from tracheal swabs of chickens and turkeys. Six proteolytic bacteria…
Studies of follicular development in cattle may lead to methods for more precise estrous synchronization. Nineteen lactating cows and 20 heifers were used to determine if progesterone results in a persistent dominant follicle. Cows and heifers were assigned (at estrus = d 0) to …
Sodium deoxycholate (DOC) was utilized to extract immunologically-active cell wall components of virulent M. bovis and M. avium, isolated from cattle in Morocco and M. fortuitum as well as related organisms e.g., N. asteroides and R. equi. The extracts from M. bovis, N. asteroid…
Light Turkey Syndrome (LTS) is characterized by lower than expected body weights of tom turkey flocks at market. Turkey producers have taken notice of LTS over the last five years. During brooding from two to three weeks of age is when weight gains begin to fall below what had p…
An investigation of helminth parasites in cattle, sheep and goats was carried out at eight abattoirs in various regions of Mali between August 1983 and 1984. Fecal and viscera examinations from 698 cattle, 152 sheep and 179 goats indicated marked variations in the level of paras…
Pasteurella multocida strain P1059 (serotype 3) expressed an 84 kilodalton (kDa) outer membrane protein (OMP) when grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth containing the iron chelator dipyridyl (20 μg/ml) but not in BHI alone. The OMP was also expressed by P. multocida strain …
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a chromosomal region whose gene products regulate the immune response and thus, disease resistance. Genetic variation in disease resistance among the turkey lines at the Ohio Agriculture Research and Development Center were reported …
The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Bordetella avium were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Profiles of Sarkosyl-insoluble OMPs from 50 virulent B. avium isolates were very similar with major 21,000- and 37,000-molecular-weight pr…
Ring-necked pheasants are raised on farms under conditions similar to commercial production of poultry. They are routinely infected with coccidia that cause outbreaks of disease and sometimes death. Amprolium is the only approved drug for use against coccidiosis in this species …
Twelve mature and six 2-year-old Arabian horses were used to determine the effect of dietary long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on fatty acids, bone markers, and lameness. Stride lengths at the walk and trot, lameness scores, and range of motion of leg…
A quantitative risk assessment (QRA) study was conducted in the Malaysia-Thailand-Myanmar (MTM) peninsular to assess the likelihood of an introduction of FMD through importation of livestock. The simulation yielded the most-likely prevalence at 8%. On average, each livestock in …
Since 2006, Egypt is facing huge challenges related to the spread of avian influenza viruses. This is partly due to the very high death toll of HPAI in poultry populations causing huge economic losses. The ability of some AI viruses to cross species barriers and invoke severe an…
Maternal colostral and milk immunity plays a major role in protection of highly vulnerable mammalian neonates against microbial pathogens. The colostral and lactogenic defenses are comprised of specific (immunoglobulin-associated) immunity and nonspecific, innate (non-immunoglob…
Genetic selection for economic traits in modern strains of poultry has resulted in increased demands on skeletal integrity. Laying hens are highly susceptible to bone loss, osteoporosis and fractures of bone. Bone breakage also occurs in rapidly growing broiler chickens. Stronti…
Capture and relocation is commonly used to reintroduce Rio Grande wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo intermedia ) to areas of low numbers. However, isotonic muscle contraction during the capture and restraint process reduces blood flow to muscles and may induce the stress related…
Intestinal health has a major influence on growth performance of turkeys and broilers as it affects feed digestion, nutrient absorption, and mortality. Compromised intestinal health is associated with animal infectious diseases and enteric foodborne pathogen colonization that ma…
This thesis reports infections of Plasmodium sp. in wild-born, ex-captive orangutans housed at the Orangutan Care Center and Quarantine (OCC&Q) in Kalimantan, Indonesia. We microscopically examined blood from (1) OCC&Q residents (n=69); (2) newly confiscated orangutans (n=14); a…