Nucleocapsid (N) protein was investigated as a candidate viral antigen with which to develop DNA and subunit vaccines against TCoV. Turkeys inoculated twice with the recombinant N protein developed N protein-specific lymphocyte proliferation responses and N protein-specific inte…
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Eighteen-day-old turkey poults were inoculated intratracheally with either fimbriated or non-fimbriated strains of E. coli. Lung was examined histologically and ultrastructurally with both transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. E. coli 078 was identif…
Avian metapneumovirus (AMPV) causes an acute respiratory disease in turkeys and is associated with "swollen head syndrome" in chickens, contributing to significant economic losses to the US turkey industry. With a long-term goal of developing a better vaccine for controlling AMP…
Six studies (three with broilers and three with turkeys) were conducted to determine if E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) would enhance the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and the T-2 toxin (T-2) in chicks and poults fed from hatch to 21 days of age. In mortality rate, there was a…
A turkey coronavirus (TCV) isolate associated with turkey poults with acute enteritis was identified and characterized by morphological, serological, and, molecular properties. Sephacryl S-1000 size-exclusion chromatography was found to be a useful method for purification of TCV…
Selection for increased body weight (BW) in turkeys has been found to be associated with the increased susceptibility to erysipelas, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and Pasteurella multocida (PM). To gain better insight into effects of growth selection on immune responses to infec…
The DB2 strain of bovine coronavirus (BCV) was used to inoculate 1-day-old specific pathogen free (SPF) turkey poults in three trials. In all trials the birds developed clinical signs of enteritis at 48-72 hours post inoculation (PI). Birds euthanized at 3, 5 and 7 days PI had p…
This study consisted of 5 parts: (1) the determination that turkey embryos can be infected with hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV), (2) an evaluation of the age-dependence of HEV infection in the embryo, (3 and 4) an evaluation of the relationship between bursal and spleen infect…
Newcastle disease (ND) is primarily a pneumotropic virus but it also has viscerotropic and neurotropic forms. Primary clinical signs caused by the pneumotropic form of the virus include respiratory snicks and sneezes, sinus exudate, mild conjunctivitis, decreased rate of body we…
Four groups of day-old turkey poults were fed a synthetic vitamin D-deficient diet. Poults received weekly, progressively increased oral repletion of: corn oil, group I; vitamin D(,3), group II; 1,25(OH)(,2)D(,3), group III; 1,25(OH)(,2)D(,3) plus 24,25(OH)(,2)D(,3), group IV. P…
Poult Enteritis and Mortality Syndrome (PEMS) occurs in turkeys of all ages, causing high morbidity and mortality (spiking mortality). Although several viruses (reovirus, rotavirus, birnavirus, adenovirus and coronavirus) have been visualized in the feces and intestinal contents…
The morphology of conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) was studied in chickens and turkeys by gross, light microscopic, and electron microscopic techniques. Additional studies, using carbon, iron oxide, and latex beads, characterized particle uptake by CALT and statisti…
The effects of Bordetella avium and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) on respiratory defense parameters of the turkey were studied. Quantitative clearance of aerosolized Escherichia coli from the trachea, lung, and air sacs was measured in turkeys infected with B. avium, NDV, and a …
The structure, development, lymphoid cell types, and capacity for antigen uptake of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in chickens and turkeys were studied using light and electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and image analysis. The structure of avian BALT was very …
Sites of tissue colonization and persistence of highly and weakly virulent Escherichia coli were determined in 3-week-old gnotobiotic turkeys. Both strains of E. coli colonized respiratory and intestinal tracts. E. coli persisted in large numbers in crop, ileum, ceca, colon, and…
Thermal inactivation characteristics of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were defined in turkey breast spiked to 10\sp8 virus per gram. Five strains, including mesogenic, velogenic and exotic NDV, were compared for loss of infectivity at 56°{C}. Roakin and Fontana strains were more…
Avian pneumovirus (APV) is increasingly recognized as an important respiratory pathogen of turkeys causing a rapidly spreading disease of all ages. Because of the significant economic impact of the disease, there has been an urgent and critical need to develop effective vaccines…
