Typhlocolitis in the horse is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Specific etiologic agents that cause typhlocolitis have been described. Two pathogenic bacteria, which are common causes of equine enteritis, are Clostridium difficile and Salmonella enterica . Clinical…
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This thesis developed participatory approaches to infectious disease modelling as tools to promote the well-being of pastoral communities. The models contributed to their well-being through policy reform on the control of livestock disease control in pastoral areas. The particip…
Environmental enrichment such as the addition of shelters in otherwise empty cages can improve the welfare of laboratory animals. In the first chapter, we tried to establish the preference of Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) for different types of shelter. First, 15 males …
Water and electrolyte loss from prolonged endurance exercise may result in physiological disturbances in the horse. The large intestine has been suggested to serve as a water reservoir and may help attenuate dehydration. Dietary constituents may affect the amount of water held w…
Comparatively little is known about the ability of commercially raised poultry and gamebirds to metabolize therapeutic drugs. The goal of this research was to use a combination of in vitro, in vivo and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) studies to characterize metaboli…
Avian metapneumovirus subtype C (aMPV/C) causes a severe upper respiratory tract (URT) disease in turkeys. The disease is characterized by viral replication and extensive lymphoid cell infiltrations in the URT. The identity of infiltrating cells and their possible involvement in…
Antigens in concentrated serum free logarithmic phase culture supernatant of Mannheimia haemolytica serotype A1, were incorporated into ISCOMs. Leukotoxin (Lkt), the major virulence factor of M. haemolytica A1 and a target antigen to induce protection in calves, was successfully…
Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is an agricultural pathogen of great economic importance. The viral infection was first recognized in the 1970's in Africa, but it wasn't until 1996 that the first outbreak occurred in the United States and was officially diagnosed the following year…
This thesis is an investigation of the prevalence of, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in, enteric bacteria isolated from retail turkey, and grain- and milk-fed veal purchased from grocery outlets in Southern Ontario. Campylobacter was detected in 46% and 1%, and Salmonella in…
The differentiation of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) strains is important to the turkey industry in order to determine epidemilogic aspects of MG infections. Two methods of analyzing MG DNA were investigated for their suitability to differentiate MG isolates in a diagnostic envi…
Six experiments were conducted to evaluate the production effects, pathology, and tissue distribution of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and Cochlosoma anatis . In these experiments, 2 ml of a T. gallinarum or C. anatis inoculum was administered to 1-week-old turkeys. Tetratrichomon…
The effects of differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, freeze-thawing, and chemical lysis on the morphology of P. multocida from the blood of infected turkeys were examined by electron microscopy. The internal ultrastructure of turkey-grown cells was differ…
The goals of this study were to identify the nucleic acids that encode the beta-defensins recently reported in the domestic chicken (Harwig et al., 1994; Evans et al., 1994) and turkey (Evans et al., 1994) and to evaluate the tissue distribution of beta-defensin expression. Firs…
The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship of turkey coronavirus (TCV) to other avian and mammalian coronaviruses based on nucleotide and amino acid sequence data, and then apply the sequence data to improve TCV diagnostic procedures. A reverse transcriptase …
Previous research has identified a novel 22 kD protein associated with low sperm binding and consequent low female fertility in an experimental lines of chickens selected for growth rate. The objective of the following work was to assess the generalizability of the apparent 22kD…
Liver, spleen, and blood were studied by bacteriologic culture in 3-week-old turkeys given virulent or avirulent Escherichia coli intravenously (i.v.). Liver and spleen were examined by light and electron microscopy to determine sites of bacterial localization. Twenty minutes af…
To gain insight into how the age of the hen affects selected reproductive characteristics and subsequent embryonic and posthatching development, experiments were conducted to study: (1) hormonal and initial egg production characteristics as influenced by hen age and age at photo…
Pathogenic E. coli infections cause approximately one quarter of disease losses in commercial turkey flocks. A small subgroup of E. coli causes most infections. Epidemiologic studies of this disease have been hindered by a lack of reliable markers to discriminate between pathoge…
Stunting syndrome is an enteric disease of turkey poults with unknown etiology. The objective of present study was to determine the etiologic agent(s) of SS. It was hypothesized that the intestinal epithelial cells (IELs) are infected during the disease. IECs, isolated from SS i…