The interferon (IFN) system forms an essential part of the innate immune response, up-regulating hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in response to viral infection. A key protein in this response is the human myxovirus resistance protein MxA, an IFN-induced GTPase with broad…
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The Interferon (IFN) family of cytokines are produced in direct response to virus infection and they constitute the first line of defence against virus infection by inducing hundreds of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) which act in concert to establish the so-called “antiviral…
The interferon (IFN) system is a powerful antiviral defense system. Host cell pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognise pathogen-associated molecule patterns (PAMPs) which when activated, lead to the transcription of the IFN-β gene. As a consequence IFN is secreted from the…
The emergence of viruses with zoonotic potential, i.e. with the potential ability to cross species barriers to infect unnatural hosts, poses a huge threat to humans. It is therefore essential to develop new methodologies to rapidly and efficiently generate attenuated virus vacci…
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic disabling disorder affecting a substantial proportion of the general population. Clinical manifestations are heterogeneous and can be severe or life-threatening. Currently, no specific tests are available for diagnosis of pSS. Therap…
Interferons (IFNs) are extracellular polypeptides that mediate innate and adaptive antiviral immunity in mammalian cells. Secreted from cells, IFNs bind to transmembrane receptors on neighboring cells to activate the intracellular JAK-STAT signaling cascade. Signaling by type I …
The Influenza A Virus (IAV) employs a variety of strategies in order to disarm the host immune response, most of which are carried out by the non-structural 1 protein encoded in the eighth viral genome segment. One such strategy is to blunt the innate immune response by preventi…