Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus have been leading causes of human infections throughout history. S. pyogenes is of the top-ten pathogens responsible for most death globally, 0.5 million deaths per year. S. aureus is carried asymptomatically by half the populatio…
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Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in the world. In the United States, over 100 million people are infected each year, and from 2015 to 2019 incidence of chlamydia rose by 19%. Of extreme concern, this increase has occurred despite readily avai…
Background: African Heritage (AH) men have a higher overall incidence, earlier age of onset, more clinically advanced and aggressive disease, higher incidence of metastases and mortality from prostate cancer (CaP) compared to Caucasian men. Biological and genetic factors relatin…
When toxic levels of fluoride are consumed, the pathological condition of fluorosis ensues. Skeletal fluorosis is an endemic problem in populations at risk of ingesting excess fluoride. Whether ingestion takes place as result of toxic levels of natural mineral content in water o…
Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and are considered the most disturbing symptoms to both patients and caregivers. Sleep disorders including rapid-eye-movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), restless legs syndrome (RLS…
This thesis describes a new disease encompassing infantile-onset movement disorder (including severe parkinsonism and nonambulation), mood disturbance, autonomic instability, and developmental delay that was identified in eight cousins of a consanguineous Bedouin family in Saudi…
The Plasmodium vivax parasite causes relapsing malaria, a severe and debilitating febrile illness. It is the prevalent cause of human malaria outside of Subsaharan Africa, contributing an estimated 80 million cases annually, and exerts a significant toll on the health and econom…
This dissertation is a compilation of two research projects, one that deals with the transcriptional profile of rhesus rhadinovirus (RRV) and the other, the conserved viral protein kinase encoded by Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV). Project 1. RRV, a lymphotropic gamma-2 herp…
Androgens play a key role in the growth of both the normal prostate and malignant prostate cells. The molecular events associated with the conversion from an androgen-dependent state to androgen-independent state are poorly understood. Altered expression of the androgen receptor…
1. Drug resistant strains of P. falciparum are becoming increasingly prevalent in most malaria endemic areas of the world, complicating treatment and prophylaxis. The prevalence of P. falciparum was assessed in six villages in the Punjab, Pakistan. The study was carried out duri…
La dyskinésie induite á la L-Dopa se manifeste sous forme des mouvements anormaux et involontaires survenant suite á l'administration pulsatile et à long terme de L-Dopa chez les patients parkinsoniens. Il s'agit d'une complication fréquente, invalidante, dont le traitement médi…
Many epidemiological studies have shown that elevated levels of fibrinogen are associated with cardiovascular disease. To investigate the influence of elevated fibrinogen in atherosclerosis, me generated a transgenic mouse model of hyperfibrinogenemia. A P1 clone containing the …
This thesis project was designed to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic variability of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug-naïve clade C reverse transcriptase (RT) and its potential impact in the development of resistance against inhibitors of RT. Five treatmen…
In this study, I evaluated if dietary fatty acids, such as linoleic acid (LA) and oleic acid (OA), dietary antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, and arachidonic acid inhibitors would modify the ability of oxidant stress to stimulate the production of the neutrophil chemokine, …
This study examines the involvement of the tumor suppressor genes p53, DCC and Rb-1 and the oncogene mdm2, as well as the growth factor TGF-α in the Syrian golden hamster pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas induced by N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine. Hamster p53 sequence for the ge…
Background. Susceptibility to a complex disease such as tuberculosis generally involves interactions among several genes and environmental factors. Several association studies have been conducted to examine the association between candidate genes and tuberculosis. However, the g…
Protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania can cause various diseases ranging from self-healing skin lesions to fatal hematological disorders. Accurate identification/differentiation of the parasite species is crucial not only to predict the outcome of the infection but also to…
In order to determine the aetiology and epidemiology of gastrointestinal infections in Saudi Arabia; viral, bacterial and parasitic causes of diarrhoea at a major referral centre were examined. Bacterial enteropathogens were found in 7.7% of patients; Salmonella species (51.7%) …