Background: The first 1,000 days of life are a unique period for the brain architecture. The development of perceptual, sensorimotor, social and language systems depend crucially on environmental stimulation. Multiple factors influence the acquisition of competencies, including …
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Obesity has been identified as a significant risk factor for chronic diseases, contributing to health disparities in minority and vulnerable populations. Though research has identified an increased risk for obesity in the Hispanic immigrant population, there is little or no rese…
Background: The problem of overweight and obese children now constitutes a global burden, with high prevalence rates being reported in many transitional societies. Children in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are 1.8 times more obese than those in the United States and, by age 18,…
Vitamin D is an essential nutrient in the human diet· A unique property of vitamin D is that it can be produced by endogenous synthesis in the skin following sufficient Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation· In fact, our understanding of this compound has changed, such that it is no lon…
The genetics of obesity has been studied extensively in white populations, but very few studies have involved black populations. The genetic inheritance of obesity was examined in two samples of families of African origin. We used segregation analysis to study the transmission o…
Obesity is a major problem in the United States, especially for individuals at the extreme end of the weight scale. It has medical, social, and emotional consequences. Traditional treatments often consist of singular approaches that do not take into account the complex factors t…
Obesity, diet quality and physical activity are three lifestyle characteristics known to be associated with the risk for several chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease and diabetes. The relation of these characteristics and periodontitis, another chronic condition, is n…
International statistics have revealed that the prevalence of obesity is rising to epidemic proportions at an alarming rate in both developed, “Westernized”, and less developed countries around the world. This epidemic is not only with adults but also children. The prevalence of…
In this series of studies, three issues were addressed. First, the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes (high fasting blood glucose with no prior diagnosis of diabetes) and how different they are from the diagnosed diabetes in risk factors. Second, the prevalence and risk factors …
Obesity is associated with the development of various metabolic diseases. Adipose tissue-derived factors may underlie this relationship. Two novel adipose signals associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease were investigated; interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the endogenous …
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy disorder in reproductive age women. The symptoms of this disorder are the androgen excess seen with anovulation/oligoovulation or morphologically ovarian cysts. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of …
Introduction: Obesity has become a major world-wide health issue. Social-economic status, physical activity levels and dietary intake may influence the weight status in children. However, these issues have not been examined together in studies of young girls in Saudi Arabia. Aim…
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a leading non-communicable disease with increasing health, socio-economic implications and with pharmacological agents that fail to replicate the success of bariatric surgery. This thesis aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of customised…
There is a growing public health concern over the effects that sedentary lifestyles are having on the health of young people, particularly in relation to overweight and obesity. This thesis presents five studies which examine the prevalence, incidence and determinants of sedenta…
Obesity affects about 520 million people world-wide and more recently studies have shown that fat cells produce proteins called adipokines which have various influences on the human metabolism and has helped to change the perspectives of researchers on the concept of the adipose…
The prevalence of obesity is growing worldwide partly due to an increase in consumption of diets high in fat. Obesity is known as a risk factor for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) later in life. Both obesity and AD are associated with cognitive deficits and experimental high…
Background: Tower Hamlets is a socioeconomically disadvantaged borough, home to the UK’s largest South Asian population, a group at increased risk of obesity-related diseases. Previous studies in this population have reported high levels of adiposity and inactivity. No borough-w…
Obesity is an independent risk factor for ischaemic stroke and may worsen stroke outcome. Therefore, the objective of this thesis was to identify potential interactions between obesity and stroke, with particular focus on inflammatory mechanisms. Ischaemic stroke was surgically …
Current treatments for obesity have been unsuccessful. It is essential that a patient-centred approach for obesity management is developed and for this to be successful other diet and lifestyle approaches need to be considered. A systematic review comparing low carbohydrate vs. …