This dissertation is situated in the context of what knowledge counts in health and tobacco control regulation in Nigeria. The use of critical realism and critical ethnography is to highlight the responses of smokers and public health professionals in Nigeria and identify the co…
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Uruguay has some of the strictest tobacco-control laws in Latin America. Despite this, youth smoking rates in Uruguay are amongst the highest in South America. Thus, it is important to identify strategies to prevent youth smoking in Uruguay. The current qualitative research stud…
Choline and betaine are important methyl donors that contribute to protein and phospholipid synthesis and DNA methylation. They can either be obtained through diet or synthesized de novo. Evidence from human and animal research indicates that choline metabolic pathways may be ac…
The aim of this study was to investigate the vitamin B-6 status of Saudi adult males and compare the status between rural and urban subjects. Fifty-one adult male subjects were recruited from urban (n = 31) and rural (n = 20) populations of Riyadh. These subjects were reclassifi…
Tobacco use is the greatest threat to public health worldwide, killing more than seven million people annually. Globally, people with schizophrenia smoke disproportionately more than the general population and those with other mental illnesses. Consequently, they carry the burde…
Background: Cigarette smoking is a leading preventable factor associated with complications in pregnancy including preterm birth and low birthweight. Past interventions have raised cessation rates by approximately 6% overall (Lumley et al. 2009). Methods: A three-part literature…
Tobacco addiction is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide and places a heavy social and financial burden on society. There exists a substantial genetic variability in smoking behavior, the mechanisms of which are largely unknown. Despite significant advances in sequenc…
There is increasing evidence that psychological stress and associated mood disorders are linked with, and can adversely affect the course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Stress is perceived to be relieved by smokers, and this, like a lack of knowledge about its adverse effe…
Background: Inflammation is the natural reaction of the body to an antigen. In some conditions, this reaction continues even after the elimination of the antigen, entering a chronic stage; it targets normal cells of the body and causes extensive damage. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)…
The aim of this thesis is to explore methods to incorporate external effects on decision making of public health programmes in a UK setting, using smoking cessation as an example. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) methodological guidance for evalua…
Youth 15-24 constitute over 30% of Egypt's population. Behaviors they establish now will affect Egypt's health and development indicators and future health care spending. This research examined normative influences on youth at the household and neighborhood levels for smoking an…
In recent decades, the developing world has seen a massive expansion in tobacco and an accelerated growth in smoking among women and children. Research indicates that tobacco use is the single most preventable health risk in the developing world. The purpose of this study was to…
Indiana youth smoking rates are high with indications of approximately 23% prevalence. Cigarette smoking has functioned as a “gateway” drug, increasing the likelihood of other drug use among youth. Hence, prevention of youth tobacco use remains a critical public health issue. Re…
Background. Tobacco use is on the rise in developing countries. One such country is Egypt, which has the highest rate of smoking in the developing Arab world (33.5% are daily smokers, of which 19.6% are under 15 years). Understanding the correlates of smoking behavior among Egyp…
The aim of this study was to explore the components of smoking behavior among a sample of resettled Bosnian refugees: motives for smoking, reasons for quitting smoking, psychological and physical health and the transtheoretical model, across the Bosnian culture. Questionnaires w…
Despite the extensive research on smoking, it is still considered one of the highest causes of deaths in the U.S. Although Arab Americans came from countries where smoking ratios are among the highest in the world, very limited information is available about their smoking patter…
The current study was designed to examine the Profiles of Prevention among non-drinking and non-smoking adolescents. Research across age groups (elementary, middle and high school), populations (U.S., U.K., and Israel), and substances (tobacco, alcohol and other drugs) has consi…
Indonesia is a populous, diverse country that has not been well studied in terms of health. This analysis addresses that knowledge gap in three aims by first, estimating the number deaths in Indonesia by province, year, age, and sex; second, developing a cause list based on caus…
This study identified social and cultural factors that influence smoking behavior of rural/urban youth, age 15-17, who attend high school in Dursunbey, a small town in Turkey's Aegean region. The methods consisted of a cross-sectional, school-based survey of all 10th graders (N …
Peer and parental influences are important predictive variables for smoking initiation in adolescence. No research exists addressing the relationships between these variables in Pakistani adolescents. Based on social learning theory and protection motivation theory, the present …