Oxidative stress and chronic subclinical inflammation are implicated in the pathology of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Consumption of vitamins and nutrients may dampen the harmful oxidative stress, which normally perpetuates inflammation. Reduction of inflammation may delay or reduce t…
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In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to identify the effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) supplementation on poultry immune cells function, cytokine production, and production parameters following an inflammatory or coccidial challenge. Supplementing chicken mac…
Background: In the country of Bangladesh, arsenic (As) exposure and high plasma homocysteine (hyperhomocysteinemia; HHcys) are widely prevalent. An estimated 35-77 million people in Bangladesh are exposed to As above the World Health Organization standard of 10 μg/L, while a cro…
Peanuts contain several cardiovascular beneficial nutrients and have been reported to reduce risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Hypertension, hypercholesteremia, and atherosclerosis are leading causes of CVD. The first stage of atherosclerotic disease is accumulation of chol…
Cerebral ischaemia, or stroke, is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Ischaemic stroke, as a result of arterial occlusion, and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), as a consequence of arterial rupture in the subarachnoid space, are major subtypes of stroke. Treatment o…
Studies investigating the effect of 5-HT receptors mediating a response in the neonatal intestine have been limited. There are evidences that the development of new neurones continues past postnatal term and this suggests that receptors expression may differ during maturation. T…
There has been accumulating scientific evidence, over the last three decades, of the role of inflammatory processes in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Population based studies suggest that plasma levels of inflammatory markers are raised in peripheral blood of peopl…
There is increasing evidence that inflammatory processes play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of ischaemic brain injury. Cerebrovascular endothelial cells that form the blood-brain barrier are critical for maintaining brain homeostasis, however, during cerebral ischaemia t…
Females are relatively protected from inflammatory diseases, particularly conditions that are characterised by excessive tissue infiltration of neutrophils (PMNs), such as ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Therefore, understanding sex-differences is very important particularly…
Clinical outcomes for patients with end-stage kidney disease on haemodialysis remain poor and have similar mortality risk to some cancers. A significant proportion of haemodialysis patients have chronic unexplained inflammation - the pathophysiology of this syndrome is unclear b…
The overall aim of the work presented in this thesis was to further characterise aspects of metabolic and immune system cross-talk in human subcutaneous adipose tissue, with a particular emphasis on the potential role of T-lymphocytes in adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin re…
Galectins-1, -3 and -9, are endowed with many immune-regulatory properties, with galectins-1 and -9 largely regarded as anti-inflammatory and galectin-3 as pro-inflammatory. Expression levels increase in activated adaptive immune cells, with peak expression often correlating wit…
The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 (IL-1) is involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. It contributes to thermoregulation, sleep, feeding behaviour and notably to the exacerbation of non-communicable disorders such as cancer, heart disease, stroke a…
Inflammation is fundamentally a beneficial response leading to removal of the offending factor, and resolution, an active regulated process that is essential to maintain tissue integrity and function. Previous work in our department showed a role for COX-2 derived PGD2 and its c…
Cytokine based therapies can be targeted to the sites of active inflammation by modifying a given cytokine as a LAP-cytokine. IL-17A has been shown to directly contribute to pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). IL-17F, another member of the IL-17 cytokines family shares st…
Background: Inflammation is the natural reaction of the body to an antigen. In some conditions, this reaction continues even after the elimination of the antigen, entering a chronic stage; it targets normal cells of the body and causes extensive damage. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)…
Prolonged and intense exercise is known to modulate and suppress certain aspects of the immunoendocrine system. Such effects are thought to be largely mediated by the release of stress hormones and regulatory cytokines which originate from a variety of stress related paradigms i…
In mammals endogenous, self sustained oscillators, known as circadian clocks, have evolved as a result of day night cycles, with a period close to 24 hours, and are involved in many physiological processes; such as sleep wake cycles, metabolic and hormonal activity. The suprachi…
There is a clear need for testing targeted drug carrier systems in a more realistic microenvironment where both biochemical interactions and shear forces are present. This is critical both for understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in this process and during the drug…