Num contexto histórico, a frequência de gestações trigemelares atingiu o seu auge nos finais do século XX e diminuiu significativamente a partir de então, registando-se atualmente uma frequência de 0,2 por 1000 grávidas. Atualmente, os grandes fatores etiológicos que estão na or…
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In relation to pregnant African American women, this study explored the relationships between the utilization of prenatal and mental health screenings and sociodemographic and geodemographic variables. Additionally, this study sought to explore the treatment of African American …
Introduction: Antepartum depressive symptoms (ADS) or antepartum depression (AD), anemia in pregnancy (AP) and low and high body mass index (BMI) during pregnancy have adverse consequences not only for the woman herself but also for the child and family. Understanding the preval…
In Ethiopia, 17% of pregnant women ages 18-49 are malnourished and have low awareness of prenatal nutrition, which may relate to increasingly high rates of maternal and infant mortality. The purpose of this mixed methods research study was to determine the effects of a community…
Vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency is highly prevalent in countries where animal source food intake is low. Poor B12 status is associated with adverse outcomes in pregnancy and infancy, and low breast milk B12. This dissertation presents the results of a randomized, controlled trial i…
Demographers have speculated about differences between birth and pregnancy history questionnaires in terms of data quality; however, differences have never been examined in an experimental study. The present analysis is an individual-level validation of fertility and mortality i…
The research undertaken in this dissertation is the first attempt to examine pregnancy outcome differentials between the Israeli Jewish and non-Jewish populations, particularly Muslims, using Israel's linked birth-death files for 1980–1983 and 1990–1993, in a rigorous manner. Th…
A cross-sectional survey design with a nested panel was conducted in 2000 and 2002 with key leaders from South Carolina to understand impact of APPI on key leaders' collaborative capacity in teen pregnancy prevention. Key leaders from 23 counties with completion of 3-year funded…
The incidence and absolute numbers of unintended pregnancies and births are at an historic high. Annually, forty-six million unintended pregnancies are aborted and 25 percent of the world's 133 million births are unintended. Evidence is conflicting whether and when unintended pr…
The reduced fertility following earlier estrus synchronization protocols made it necessary to develop new protocols based on our understanding of ovarian follicular dynamics and corpus luteum (CL) function in cattle. “Ovsynch” and “CIDR” are emerging protocols for ovulation sync…
In Indonesia, women are dying from pregnancy-related complications and childbirth at a relatively high rate, up to 470 per 100,000 live births. The majority of women give birth in their homes, under less-than-sterile conditions, and without the assistance of a skilled healthcare…
Objectives: Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) were originally derived from germ cell infection by exogenous retroviruses and comprise around eight per cent of the human genome. HERVs are highly expressed in the placenta, where HERV-W (syncytin 1) has been demonstrated to per…
Introduction: Medication use by women of childbearing age is common. During pregnancy, medications should be used cautiously because some are teratogenic and/or feto-toxic, especially during the first trimester. Few studies have assessed exposure to contraindicated medications i…
Although prostaglandins (PG) and oxytocin are crucial mediators of uterine contractility, their receptor-mediated effects during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and labour are not fully understood. The aim of this thesis was to elucidate the functional expression of EP, FP, TP an…
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are necessary for cell membrane structure and function, have a role in cognition and are important for the inflammatory response. PUFA are also essential during pregnancy for child development. The biological status of PUFA can be influenced by…
Past research has described becoming a mother for the first time as being akin to a major life event (Oakley, 1980, as cited in Rogan et al. 1997) with easy adaptation unusual and with such a transition adversely impacting upon well-being (Clark et al. 2008). Earlier research in…
Prenatal maternal immune activation (mIA) is associated with increased susceptibility to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in later life as evidenced by epidemiological studies that have associated prenatal infection with increased risk of NDDs such as schizophrenia (SZ). Pren…
Background: Cigarette smoking is a leading preventable factor associated with complications in pregnancy including preterm birth and low birthweight. Past interventions have raised cessation rates by approximately 6% overall (Lumley et al. 2009). Methods: A three-part literature…