Background and Significance: The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States. Currently, approximately 79 million people in the United States are infected with HPV. The CDC estimates that there are nearly 31,500 cases o…
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Coccidiosis is an economically important enteric disease of poultry caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Eimeria . Drugs are most commonly used to control coccidiosis. Widespread usage of anticoccidial drugs in the field has resulted in development of drug resist…
Little is known about the role of the gastrointestinal microbiota in susceptibility to infection with enteric pathogens and response to live oral vaccines. This study examined the effect of immunization with an oral live-attenuated Shigella dysenteriae 1 vaccine and challenge wi…
Although the use of vaccines is a major strategy in the control of poultry diseases, not all vaccines are very effective, and this is true particularly in the case of the existing Salmonella vaccines. In this study three new approaches to improve the delivery system and the qual…
The role of viral proteins and mucosal immunity in protection against avian metapneumovirus (AMV) was examined. In Objective 1, different passages of AMV (AMVp13, 41 and 63) were administered by the oculonasal route. At 1, 3 and 5 days post-inoculation, turkeys were examined for…
A Stochastic Monte Carlo simulation model using epidemiological and economic data from several data sources was developed to examine the net return to influenza vaccination measured in terms of net present value (NPV), benefit/cost ratio (B/C ratio) and incremental cost-effectiv…
Next-generation cholera and typhoid vaccines have the potential to reduce the burden of both diseases in areas where they are endemic. We examine the case for public investments in these vaccines for the Tiljala neighborhood of Kolkata, a low-income, high-incidence slum. We take…
Avian pneumovirus (APV) is increasingly recognized as an important respiratory pathogen of turkeys causing a rapidly spreading disease of all ages. Because of the significant economic impact of the disease, there has been an urgent and critical need to develop effective vaccines…
The 2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq created health system instability, with direct and indirect public health consequences. This analysis examines the disparity in vaccine coverage, incidence, and displacement in Iraq at the governorate level for three vaccine-preventable disease…
This body of work aims to evaluate the use of oral fluid and blood collection for monitoring measles vaccination coverage in low-income countries. It sought to answer two questions: Can biomarker surveillance be used to monitor measles immunity in a resource-poor setting? Is sur…
Introduction WHO malaria elimination targets require sustained and robust surveillance systems to identify difficult-to-diagnose, low-density malaria infections which threaten control efforts. The WHO 'T3: Test, Treat and Track' initiative further reinforces the importance of th…
This study examines the acceptance of vaccination services in Nigeria. Emphasis was on the role of communication, the economic status of households, individual level characteristics, particularly education and knowledge of vaccination services. Also, the role of management in th…
Over the last decade, substantial amounts of development assistance have been invested among low and middle income countries to strengthen the performance and outcomes of the immunization program. Multiple development partners have collectively instituted different financing obl…
The healthcare system of Guinea has reported low scores on service availability and readiness assessment (SARA); the scores indicated the low availability of quality drugs, vaccines, medical equipment, and other technologies and involves a continuous history of poor quality-perf…
One of the objectives of the revised National Health Policy, 2016 is to expand and sustain routine immunization coverage of all antigens to 90% by the year 2020 so as to improve the life expectancy and quality of life of Nigerians which begins at infancy. To this end, Government…
COVID-19 is a recently emerging infectious disease that spreads easily through respiratory droplets and can cause severe illness and death. Individuals can be both infectious and asymptomatic, which makes it difficult to identify those who are at-risk of spreading the disease to…
Vaccines are one of the greatest public health interventions in modern times. Their development has drastically reduced the global burden of infectious disease. However, rising vaccine hesitancy is contributing to the reemergence of vaccine-preventable diseases. The reasons for …
Immunizations are scientifically proven, effective global health interventions that prevent infectious diseases and save lives. Yet, in Mozambique at the national level, less than 65% of children are fully immunized, i.e., received all the basic/routine vaccinations. The overall…
Geçmiş yüzyılın en büyük halk sağlığı başarısı olarak tanımlanan bağışıklama hizmetleri sayesinde milyonlarca bebeğin hastalanması, sakat kalması veya ölümü engellenmektedir. Aşıların ilk kullanıma sunulması ile kendini gösteren aşı karşıtlığı son yıllarda iyice artmış durumdadı…