Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. CVD mainly comprise of coronary heart disease and stroke and were ranked first and fourth respectively amongst leading causes of death in the United States. Influenza (flu) caus…
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This dissertation looks at health behaviors of African women and the way those behaviors are affected by information, incentives, peers, and own past experiences. I focus on health service utilization by African women such as vaccination and institutional delivery because the he…
Avian pneumovirus (APV) is member of Paramyxoviridae causing upper respiratory tract infection in turkeys characterized by nasal and eye discharge, sinus swelling, sneezing, coughing, and depression. From 1997–1999, 45 million losses incurred in the state of Minnesota. Our labor…
A Stochastic Monte Carlo simulation model using epidemiological and economic data from several data sources was developed to examine the net return to influenza vaccination measured in terms of net present value (NPV), benefit/cost ratio (B/C ratio) and incremental cost-effectiv…
The last two decades in nineteenth-century West Africa witnessed a two-fold movement, namely the territorial expansion of French colonial empire and the first attempts to extend biomedicine through mass vaccination to control smallpox epidemics. This study provides both a deep h…
The terrorist events of Fall 2001, forced Americans to examine their vulnerability to terrorism. Agencies began reviewing and devising plans for preparation and response to potential bioterrorist threats. A policy response to smallpox, a serious bioterrorist agent was the nation…
This thesis comprises a series of studies conducted to elucidate host responses to Marek's disease virus (MDV) in two body compartments; spleen which is a major secondary lymphoid organ involved in elicitation of immune response and feathers, which are the site of virus shedding…
Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) infection of turkeys is an economic concern for the turkey industry in Minnesota. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the disease kinetics of aMPV, compare the disease caused by of early and recent isolates, analyze their genomes,…
Hemorrhagic Enteritis (HE) vaccine is perhaps the most commonly used vaccine in the turkey industry. Although it provides protection against clinical disease, the vaccine is still thought to produce transient immunosuppression. In the field, HE still remains a significant concer…
Acute and chronic lesions of fowl cholera were identified and described after oral or intramuscular challenge with virulent or vaccine strains of Pasteurella multocida in 11 or 6-week-old turkeys that had been previously vaccinated with a bacterin administered subcutaneously or …
Despite Nigeria's adoption of the World Health Organization's Expanded Programme on Immunization, many children remain unvaccinated. Data from the 2008 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey revealed DPT3 and OPV3 coverage below 40%. The purpose of this quantitative study was to …
Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease with global significance. At the end of 2008, rabies emerged in the Island of Bali, Indonesia, drawing international attention. As the disease became wide-spread, the government focused on island-wide mass vaccination of dogs and improving publ…
The most significant arthropod-borne viral infections in modern history are caused by species of the Flavivirus (FV) genus due to their global transmission. While immunization is effective at decreasing the burden imposed by some FV, vaccines for other FV such as Dengue virus (D…
Multiple subtypes of influenza viruses have circulated throughout human history and people are infected with more than one influenza virus during their lifetimes. H2N2 influenza viruses infected humans in the past, but have not circulated between people since 1968. One objective…
Vaccine hesitancy remains a public health threat in the United States. Vaccine hesitancy is generally rooted in misinformation about the safety and effectiveness of vaccines and a poor understanding of the true risk of disease. Vaccine refusal has been associated with preventabl…
Immunization remains one of the most successful and cost-effective public health interventions worldwide. Despite the critical role of vaccines in improving childhood and maternal health, Sokoto state recorded the lowest childhood vaccination completion rate among the 37 states …