Sodium deoxycholate (DOC) was utilized to extract immunologically-active cell wall components of virulent M. bovis and M. avium, isolated from cattle in Morocco and M. fortuitum as well as related organisms e.g., N. asteroides and R. equi. The extracts from M. bovis, N. asteroid…
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Shigella spp. are the etiologic agents of dysentery, a severe diarrheal syndrome characterized by acute inflammation in the colon. The inflammatory response, which includes recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), damages the colonic mucosa and exacerbates the infectio…
Since 1985 the Kanki laboratory has maintained a prospective cohort of registered female sex workers in Dakar, Senegal that has supported multi-disciplinary research on both HIV-1 and HIV-2. Data from this cohort has demonstrated that HIV-2 is significantly less pathogenic than …
The objectives of this project were to develop an immune assessment panel that would adequately evaluate the immune status of birds consuming mycotoxin contaminated diets, and to evaluate immune responses in chicks and turkeys, fed the Fusarium mycotoxins, fumonisin B\sb1 (FB\sb…
Two cellular innate responses, the dsRNA protein kinase (PKR) pathway and the 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS)/RNase L pathway, are activated by dsRNAs produced by viruses and reduce translation of host and viral mRNAs. PKR activation results in eIF2a phosphorylation. As a …
Long-term interactions between viruses and their hosts often develop into genetic arms races, which result in fast-evolving proteins (i.e. proteins evolving under positive natural selection), especially in immune proteins. A bioinformatic screen of proteins in a component of the…
The most significant arthropod-borne viral infections in modern history are caused by species of the Flavivirus (FV) genus due to their global transmission. While immunization is effective at decreasing the burden imposed by some FV, vaccines for other FV such as Dengue virus (D…