Influenza A viruses (IAVs) belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae and represent major pathogens of both humans and animals. Swine influenza virus is an important pathogen that affects not only the swine industry, but also represents a constant threat to the turkey industry and is…
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Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) is one of the most promising new fish species introduced to cold water aquaculture due to the large established market in Europe and the USA and the decline in wild stock. So far, the production of farmed cod has been relatively low, with the main …
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious disease of wild and domestic cloven–hoofed animals such as cattle, swine and deer. It is caused by one of the most contagious animal diseases known; FMD virus (FMDV). Since the disease is endemic in many countries, transmission…
The influenza A virus non-structural (NS1) protein is multifunctional, and during virus-infection NS1 interacts with several factors in order to manipulate host-cell processes. This study reports that NS1 binds directly to p85β, a regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase …
Introduction . Despite the availability of effective vaccines, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) continues to cause considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Introduction of Hib conjugate vaccine has been slow in developing countries due to high vaccine cost and lack of …
Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is an agricultural pathogen of great economic importance. The viral infection was first recognized in the 1970's in Africa, but it wasn't until 1996 that the first outbreak occurred in the United States and was officially diagnosed the following year…
This dissertation examines cholera vaccination policy in a developing country context based on a combination of epidemiological and microeconomic data representing private demand for purchasing vaccinations, cost of illness, cost of vaccination, and herd protection impacts of va…
Newcastle disease (ND) is primarily a pneumotropic virus but it also has viscerotropic and neurotropic forms. Primary clinical signs caused by the pneumotropic form of the virus include respiratory snicks and sneezes, sinus exudate, mild conjunctivitis, decreased rate of body we…
Andes virus (ANDV) is a highly pathogenic New World hantavirus found in Chile and Argentina that causes Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS). A significantly high case fatality rate, the potential for human-to-human transmission, and the lack of licensed vaccines or effective tre…
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged in 2002/2003, causing the deaths of almost a tenth of the 8000 individuals infected worldwide before it was controlled by public health measures. While the 2003 epidemic strain is likely extinct, the importance…
Adenovirus (Ad) vectors continue to be among the most potent vectors for vaccination in vivo . A majority of studies developing Ad as a vaccine have utilized first generation replication defective (RD-Ad) vectors. These vectors are robust in small animal models, but their impact…
Before the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the ensuing COVID-19 pandemic, the pathogenic bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis was the world’s leading infectious disease killer. In 2020, an estimated 1.6–1.8 million people worldwide died of tuberculosis (TB) disease, comparable to the…
Senecavirus A (SVA) is a nonenveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus in the family Picornaviridae. It was first discovered as a cell culture contaminant in 2002 but had been identified in US swine samples dating back to the late 1980s. Since swine were presumed to be…
The most significant arthropod-borne viral infections in modern history are caused by species of the Flavivirus (FV) genus due to their global transmission. While immunization is effective at decreasing the burden imposed by some FV, vaccines for other FV such as Dengue virus (D…
B cells are the central component of the humoral immune system and critical for long term immunity against all forms of pathogens. Antibodies represent one of the earliest lines of defense within the adaptive memory response and are the major effectors of vaccine mediated protec…
Background: Since 2011, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has been recommended for men who have sex with men (MSM) through age 26 to prevent infection with the HPV types most commonly associated with cancer. Accurate estimates of HPV vaccine coverage are needed to monitor c…