Influenza A viruses (IAVs) belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae and represent major pathogens of both humans and animals. Swine influenza virus is an important pathogen that affects not only the swine industry, but also represents a constant threat to the turkey industry and is…
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Adhesion of bacteria to host epithelial cells is a critical primary step in the pathogenesis of diarrheal disease. Bacteria demonstrating attaching and effacing (AE) adhesion include enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), Verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC), and certain is…
Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative intracellular pathogen that invades and replicates within many types of human cells. S. aureus has shown to rapidly overcome traditional antibiotherapy by developing multidrug antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, intracellular S. aureus is p…
Disease has been identified as a major problem in the aquaculture industry for the welfare of the fish stocked as well as for its economic impact. The number of diseases affecting cultured fish has increased significantly during recent years with the emergence of several conditi…
Fusarium oxysporum Schl. var. vanillae (Tucker) Gondon is known to cause root rot in Vanilla planifolia Andrews in most regions where it is grown, including the major plantations in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province of China. This is of serious economic concern to the Province sinc…
The imiquimod S-28828 induced high serum levels of type I IFN in turkeys after oral administration. Spleen, bone marrow and peripheral blood leukocytes produced IFN following in vitro stimulation with S-28828. High dose treatment of turkeys with S-28828 enhanced the mortality ra…
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) cause high morbidity, mortality and economic burden. Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause persistent UTIs and it has many virulence factors including quorum sensing systems and iron acquisition mechanisms. Furthermore, this pathogen is highly resistan…
Senecavirus A (SVA) is a nonenveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus in the family Picornaviridae. It was first discovered as a cell culture contaminant in 2002 but had been identified in US swine samples dating back to the late 1980s. Since swine were presumed to be…
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), a group of rare chronic inflammatory disorders, are characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations with high morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of IIM is largely unknown but accumulating evidence suggests that autoan…
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major bacterial pathogen that causes a broad spectrum of diseases. Clinically relevant MRSA isolates are highly adapted to humans and contain human-specific virulence factors. One such factor is LukAB, a bicomponent pore-fo…