This study seeks to assess the relationship between United States-led sanctions and the foreign exchange rate (vis-à-vis the U.S. dollar) of targeted nations. Recent research has examined various impacts that sanctions have on a target nation, suggesting that sanctions often fun…
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This dissertation examines the impact of economic sanctions on the people of the target country. The focus of the study is the sanctions against Iraq. However, sanctions against Iran, Libya, and Yugoslavia are briefly discussed, Seven major findings are presented. First, in gene…
The thesis evaluates the significance of sport's contribution to the end ofapartheid by locating sport in a network of international relations. Sports diplomacy isidentified as a relatively low-cost, low-risk but high profile tool of diplomatic policy. It isargued that the profi…
Confronted with bloody civil conflict, the UN, if it acts, often defaults to imposing an arms embargo. Yet while arms embargoes have been increasingly imposed since the end of the Cold War, there remains significant disagreement about the impact and effectiveness of arms embargo…
In the late 1990s and early 2000s, social justice activists in the United States initiated two coalition based campaigns aimed at ameliorating the violence associated with extractive industries in Angola, Sierra Leone and Sudan. The ideological diversity and the disparate intere…
In this dissertation, I address the topic of engagement, a frequently mentioned but poorly understood instrument of foreign policy. My analysis proceeds in three steps. First, I critique the various conceptualizations of engagement that are presently circulating in the Internati…
This historical dissertation examines the intersectionality of sanctions, war and autocratic rule as it manifested itself on Iraqi university campuses and, more specifically, the impact on female students. While much has been written on Iraq, we have yet to understand the academ…
One of the most enduring questions policymakers grapple with is: what approach will best achieve the desired objectives? In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, sanctions offer an effective and punitive, but non-military strategy to address terrorism and…
This thesis analyzes the use and unintended outcomes of power in international politics through an examination of economic sanctions in selected countries. A theoretical argument is derived from punishment theories and analyzes the effects of punishment on the target, including …
The humanitarian toll of economic sanctions on Iraq extends beyond observed negative effects on public health, affecting reduction in net primary school enrollment rates. These negative effects are distinct and separate from changes in enrollment caused by war. Using time series…
The dissertation seeks to understand the role of sanctions in the scaling back of nuclear weapons programs. It analyzes the nuclear programs of four countries (Iraq, Taiwan, Libya, and Iran) based on a classification of nuclear restraint as Slow, Stop, and Rollback. The research…
In international law, policymakers have replaced military interventions with economic sanctions over recent decades. However, the imposition of sanctions has its own costs and unintended results, including humanitarian issues in sanctioned countries and economic costs for sancti…
The effectiveness of economic sanctions as a foreign policy tool is debated among policymakers. However, a rising tide of international support for sanctions gives today's sanctions against the Iranian government more hope than ever before. With the United Nations Security Counc…
This thesis identifies the relationship between economic factors and non-economic factors, and the relative weight of each, in the conduct of Middle East foreign policies but with special reference to Saudi Arabia and Iran between 2001 and 2012. In the Saudi case, economic facto…
This dissertation applies modern public choice theories to the United Nations system. Public choice is the study of public sector decision making using basic economic postulates. It attempts to gain insights into the formation and operation of collective organizations by studyin…
This dissertation focuses on the sustainability of the South African Government’s privatisation policy, and to which extent it is able to facilitate access to water and sanitation for all the citizens. After the demise of apartheid in 1994, the new African National Congress-led …
In recent years, irrigation projects worldwide, and in the Andean region of Bolivia in particular, have besides solving water problems also generated water conflicts. Historically, most irrigation systems in Bolivia have been set up by peasant communities, and only more recently…
One of the most pressing policy challenges for the new Biden administration is how to address Venezuela. Between the ongoing humanitarian crisis and the complexities surrounding the Maduro regime, immediate action is required. However, President Biden must be cautious as to not …
In the last century South Africa has undergone at least three history making phases in her political life. These phases include colonisation (1898 – 1948), apartheid (1948 – 1993) and democracy (1994 – to date). However, the two phases preceding democracy were in large part char…