Variable mixtures of CO 2 ice, H 2 O ice, and dust in volatile exposures at the south pole of Mars influence interactions with the atmosphere that drive their formation, evolution, and eventual preservation as long-term climate records. However, ice composition in the south pola…
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Interactions between photons and plasmons have resulted in a hotbed of research activity in the physical sciences, notably through techniques such as white-light and Raman scattering, as evidenced by > 10,000 articles published in 2020. In this work, plasmon-mediated linear w…
Spectroscopy is a broad tool set that can be applied to further the understanding of many interdisciplinary questions. The technique of jet-cooling, laser-desorption, resonance-enhanced-multi-photon-ionization, mass spectrometry (LD-JC-REMPI-MS) was used to study the photodynami…
Massive young star clusters and OB associations (M > 10 4 [special characters omitted]) dominate the energetic feedback from stars into the interstellar medium. They contain the most massive and luminous stars in the Galaxy, which shape their environments through winds, ionizing…
Heterogeneous photocatalysis has been identified as a means of using renewable solar energy to produce the sustainable, non-carbon fuel H 2 and a variety of useful chemical intermediates. Currently, however, heterogeneous photocatalytic reactions are too inefficient to be indust…
Open path tunable diode-laser absorption spectroscopy (OP-TDLAS) is a promising technique that is proposed for detecting low concentrations of possible biogenic gases on Mars. This technique determines the concentration of a gas by measuring the amount of laser light absorbed by…
Wire array z-pinches provide an accessible means to research plasmas of high density and temperature and have valuable applications in the fields of inertial confinement fusion (ICF), astrophysics, and radiation studies. The purpose of this work is tungsten/aluminum z-pinch stud…
Two recent in situ Mars missions, the Phoenix Mars Lander and the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity, have explored two quite different locations on the surface of Mars. The Phoenix lander investigated the polygonal terrain and associated soil and icy soil deposits of a high nor…
This thesis combines solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemical synthesis, isotopic enrichment and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations to provide insight into a number of microporous materials. The first class of materia…
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz Family Euphorbiaceae) is an important tropical food crop. However, harvested cassava roots have a shelf-life of only days due to post-harvest physiological deterioration (PPD). Within 1-3 days of harvesting, the roots show blue-black vascular st…
The study of photovoltaic materials is important so as to develop new solar energy technologies: in particular, quantum-confined semiconductors could offer increased quantum efficiencies at a much lower manufacture cost. This thesis contains results from a number of pump-probe e…
A series of model supported WO3 catalysts were synthesized on preformed Al2O3, Nb2O5, TiO 2 and ZrO2 supports by impregnation of aqueous ammonium metatungstate, (NH4)10W12O41·5H2 O. The molecular and electronic structures of the supported tungsten oxide phases were determined wi…
This thesis describes development of a novel technique of single shot time resolved four wave mixing spectroscopy. The technique is based on geometrical mapping of temporal delays between ultrashort pulses onto geometrical axes of the region of intersection between broad beams, …
Germanium detectors are the best choice for gamma ray spectrometry because of their good energy resolution and high efficiency compared to any other gamma rays spectrometers. Due to their high sensitivity and good energy resolution, these kinds of detector have a range of applic…
The field of optics and photonics enables several technologies including communication, bioimaging, spectroscopy, Ladars, microwave photonics and data processing [1-139]. The ability to use and manipulate large amounts of data is transforming many vital areas of society. The hig…
The ZaP-HD Flow Z-Pinch device was designed to investigate the use of a tri-axial electrode configuration to scale a sheared-flow stabilized Z pinch to high energy density conditions. Decoupling the power used to form the plasma from the power used to compress the pinch has resu…
Much of what is known about the early solar system’s history, processes, and conditions are determined through the study of airless bodies. Like their terrestrial counterparts, the geologic materials of airless bodies contain information about their formative environment; these …
Spectroscopy of transiting exoplanets has revealed a wealth of information about their atmospheric compositions and thermal structures. In particular, studies of highly irradiated exoplanets at temperatures much higher than those found in our solar system have provided detailed …